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21.
Delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (ALAD) activity has been used in prokaryotes and eukaryotes as a biomarker for environmental
lead (Pb) exposure and toxicity. Microorganisms are sensitive indicators of toxicity at the fundamental level of ecological
organization, but bacterial biomarker studies are focused on the Pseudomonas strains in Group I and E coli. The objectives of the present work were to determine if Burkholderia gladioli belonging to group II, due to its 16SrRNA similarity, can be used as biomarker in metal contamination and compare its possible
usage with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Citrobacter freundii (previously known as Esherichia freundii) and Bacterium freundii which are classified in Group I. In this study, ALAD activity in an environmental strains of Burkholderia gladioli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Citrobacter freundii were investigated to evaluate potential inhibition by Pb and other toxic metals. When the ALAD activity of Burkholderia gladioli was tested, Co and Pb decreased activity by 27 and 71%, respectively. In addition to these findings, Zn increased the activity
up to 26%. These effects were found to be statistically meaningful (p < 0.05). It was determined that the increase of lead concentration inhibites the ALAD activity at each of the three strains.
There was a statistically significant dose–response relationship between ALAD activity in cells of Burkholderia gladioli and Pb (Pearson correlation coefficent = −0.665; r
2 = 0.665, and p < 0.001). The strongest ALAD inhibition which was measured was 90% at Burkholderia gladioli when protein extracts were incubated with 750 μM of Pb. The relationship between Pb and ALAD activity was statistically described
by [ALAD Activity] = 0.476−0.000597 × [Pb]. According to the obtained results, we suggest that the ALAD of Burkholderia gladioli can be used as a biomarker for lead contamination in the environment. 相似文献
22.
Cristina Zago Gabriele Capodaglio Carlo Barbante Michele Giani Ivo Moret Giuseppe Scarponi 《Chemistry and Ecology》2013,29(1-2):39-51
In the present study the concentrations of cobalt, copper, iron, manganese, zinc were analysed and the speciation of copper and zinc performed, with a summer and winter sampling, for two areas in the Northern Adriatic Sea and crossing at the farthest zones of the Po river-sea water interface. Results show that when salinity increases the concentrations of all investigated metals (with the exception of cobalt) present some degree of biogeochemical cycling. Copper is the element whose dissolved phase has the highest importance in metal transport across the salinity gradient. Results of speciation analysis demonstrate that the presence of excess amounts (5-8 fold) of unbound ligands confers a buffering capacity for potential inputs of dissolved metals into the Northern Adriatic Sea. The speciation of both copper and zinc in the dissolved phase was dominated by organic complexation. 相似文献
23.
Levels of lead, zinc, cadmium, copper and nickel were determined in roadside moss samples within towns in the northern and south-eastern regions of Nigeria. Average lead level in the south-east (59 ppm) was higher than the average for the northern region (44 ppm). Average levels of zinc, cadmium, copper and nickel did not differ significantly between the two regions, with overall averages for the entire study area being 50.9, 1.2, 11.3 and 5.6 ppm for these metals. Lead levels were poorly correlated with those of the other metals, indicating that automobile emissions may not be the main source for these metals in the moss. In comparison with a previous study of the south-west region, the results indicate a generally slightly higher level of metal pollution in the south-west region than in both the northern and south-eastern regions. 相似文献
24.
Habitat type-based bioaccumulation and risk assessment of metal and As contamination in earthworms, beetles and woodlice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Frouke Vermeulen Nico W. Van den Brink Helga D'Hav Valentine K. Mubiana Ronny Blust Lieven Bervoets Wim De Coen 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):3098-3105
The present study investigated the contribution of environmental factors to the accumulation of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in earthworms, beetles and woodlice, and framed within an exposure assessment of the European hedgehog. Soil and invertebrate samples were collected in three distinct habitat types. Results showed habitat-specific differences in soil and invertebrate metal concentrations and bioaccumulation factors when normalized to soil metal concentration. Further multiple regression analysis showed residual variability (habitat differences) in bioaccumulation that could not be fully explained by differences in soil metal contamination, pH or organic carbon (OC). Therefore, the study demonstrated that in bioaccumulation studies involving terrestrial invertebrates or in risk assessment of metals, it is not sufficient to differentiate habitat types on general soil characteristics such as pH and/or OC alone. Furthermore, simple generic soil risk assessments for Cd and Cu showed that risk characterization was more accurate when performed in a habitat-specific way. 相似文献
25.
Agnieszka J. Bednarska Ryszard Laskowski 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(5):1597-1602
The wide geographical distribution of ground beetles Pterostichus oblongopunctatus makes them very likely to be exposed to several environmental stressors at the same time. These could include both climatic stress and exposure to chemicals. Our previous studies demonstrated that the combined effect of nickel (Ni) and chlorpyrifos (CHP) was temperature (T)-dependent in adult P. oblongopunctatus. Frequently the different developmental stages of an organism are differently sensitive to single stressors, and for a number of reasons, such as differences in exposure routes, their interactions may also take different forms. Because of this, we studied the effects of the same factors on the beetle larvae. The results showed that all factors, as well as their interactions, influenced larvae survival. The synergistic effect of Ni and CPF was temperature-dependent and the effect of Ni × T interaction on the proportion of emerged imagines indicated stronger toxicity of Ni at 25 °C than at 10 °C. 相似文献
26.
Holger Ecke Nourreddine Menad Anders Lagerkvist 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2002,4(2):117-126
Dry scrubber residue from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) was characterized to identify critical inorganic pollutants
and to suggest a conceptual treatment method. The key methods used were thermal analysis, including thermogravimetry (TG)
and differential thermal analysis (DTA), pHstat titration, qualitative X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), chemical equilibrium calculations, and
statistics such as error propagation, principal component analysis (PCA), and empirical modeling based on factorial designs.
Based on EU directives, the major inorganic pollutants Cd, Cr, Pb, and Zn were found. In addition, the pH was too high. With
dry scrubber residue stabilization in mind, the impact of carbonation and hydration was assessed and judged to be encouraging.
In particular, chemical equilibrium calculations showed that carbonation has considerable potential to lower the pH and the
availability of Pb, Zn, and Cr. The impact of carbonation on the mobility of Cd was found to be small. During carbonation,
a metal-trapping calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C–A–S–H) phase is also formed. Both processes together have the potential
to lead to a robust, reliable, and reasonable stabilization method for dry scrubber residue. However, to control these processes,
the decisive factors need to be identified and their effects need to be quantified. Ca, Cl, Na, and K might be abundant components
which would be mobile even after stabilization.
Received: September 11, 2001 / Accepted: December 6, 2001 相似文献
27.
Pollution in the marine protected area of North Sporades Islands was investigated in July 1997. Salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved inorganic nutrients, organic carbon, hydrocarbons as well as dissolved and particulate trace metals were determined at 15 offshore and coastal stations. Dissolved organic carbon and inorganic nutrient concentrations indicate the mesotrophic character of the investigated waters. The dissolved forms of nitrogen were slightly higher at coastal stations. Dissolved and particulate Cu, Zn and Ni, were higher in coastal stations, whereas concentrations of Pb were generally low and likely of atmospheric origin. Dissolved/Dispersed petroleum hydrocarbons (DDPH) were close to detection limits at all stations. Temperature and salinity vertical profiles, nutrient and trace metal concentrations revealed the presence of a slight influence of the Black Sea water coming from Dardanelles straits. 相似文献
28.
This study was to assess the metal contamination in oyster tissue grown in the Ann-ping mariculture ground in Taiwan. the information generated from this work also revealed general metal pollution problem for Taiwan's oyster farmers. Oysters, Crassostrea gigas, and surficial sediments collected from ten locations in Ann-ping mariculture ground in Taiwan for metals concentration (Cu, Zn, Pd, Cd, Fe and Mn) were performed. Analytical results indicated that the yearly averaged oyster copper concentrations (μg g-1, wet weight) in oyster soft parts from Ann-ping increased from 21.3±4.1 in 1993; 24.1±6.8 in 1994; 36.8±11.9 in 1995 to 43.9±23.1 μg g-1, wet weight, in the 1996 raising season. the mean oyster copper concentration reached a level of 50 μg g-1, wet weight, in December 1996. This increasing trend of metal concentration in oyster tissue indicates a potential pollution source which may pose a potential disaster as green oyster incidence, which occurred on the Charting coast in 1986, in Taiwan. Sediment samples in Ann-ping mariculture ground were also collected and examined. the seasonal variation of the copper concentration in surficial sediment from Ann-ping did not show an increasing trend as observed in oyster tissue. 相似文献
29.
A.?LebedevEmail author N.?Sinikova S.?Nikolaeva O.?Poliakova M.?Khrushcheva S.?Pozdnyakov 《Environmental Chemistry Letters》2003,1(1):107-112
To estimate air pollution snow samples were collected in March 2001 at six sites in the vicinity of the Kostomuksha factory
in Karelia. Seventy-two chemical elements and more than 200 individual organic compounds were identified by inductively coupled
plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that the levels of Li, B,
Al, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Hg, Mn, Mo as well as hydrocarbons, phthalates and phenols exceeded the existing maximum allowable concentrations.
A list of toxicants emitted with the factory exhausts and a list of priority pollutants for Kostomuksha were compiled. The
impact of the exhausts of the Kostomuksha factory on the environment in Finland is relatively small.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
30.