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91.
The synthesis of silver doped nano-particulate titanium dioxide (Ag/TiO2) using a microemulsion method and an investigation of its photocatalytic activity for the degradation of Acid Red 27 in distilled water under UV-irradiation is reported. The prepared Ag/TiO2 is characterized using transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The size of the Ag nanoparticles is around 5–15?nm, with almost uniform distribution on the TiO2 particles. The efficiency of the photocatalytic process is evaluated to establish the optimum conditions, found to be at 2?wt% of Ag loading on TiO2, catalyst dosage of 400?mg?L?1, and calcination temperature of 300°C. Complete decolorization of the dye solution on Ag/TiO2 was observed in 20?min of UV irradiation in the optimum conditions. 相似文献
92.
Brian K. Gullett William P. Linak Abderrahmane Touati Shirley J. Wasson Staci Gatica Charles J. King 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2007,9(1):69-79
Air emissions and residual ash samples were collected and analyzed during experiments of open, uncontrolled combustion of
electronic waste (e-waste), simulating practices associated with rudimentary e-waste recycling operations. Circuit boards
and insulated wires were handled separately to simulate processes associated with metal recovery. The average emissions of
polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDFs) were 92 ng toxic equivalency (TEQ)/kg [n = 2, relative standard deviation (RSD) = 98%] and 11 900 ng TEQ/kg (n = 3, RSD = 50%) of the initial mass of the circuit boards and insulated wire, respectively. The value for the insulated wire
is about 100 times higher than that for backyard barrel burning of domestic waste. The emission concentrations of polybrominated
dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/PBDFs) from the combustion of circuit boards were 100 times higher than for their polychlorinated
counterparts. Particulate matter (PM) sampling of the fly ash emissions indicated PM emission factors of approximately 15
and 17 g/kg of the initial mass for the circuit boards and insulated wire, respectively. Fly ash samples from both types of
e-waste contained considerable amounts of several metallic elements and halogens; lead concentrations were more than 200 times
the United States regulatory limits for municipal waste combustors and 20 times those for secondary lead smelters. Leaching
tests of the residual bottom ash showed that lead concentrations exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency landfill limits,
designating this ash as a hazardous waste. 相似文献
93.
94.
上海地区13种金属土壤背景值初探 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对上海地区518组土壤金属浓度数据进行归纳和空间分析,得出了上海地区13种金属砷、铍、镉、铬、铜、铅、汞、镍、银、铊、锌、锑和硒在土壤中的背景值及空间分布图,直观地表现了上海地区13种金属的空间分布特点,为今后确定上海地区土壤污染的标准提供参考. 相似文献
95.
Duu-Jong Lee Chin-Yu Lee Jo-Shu Chang Qiang Liao Ay Su 《International Journal of Green Energy》2015,12(10):998-1004
The microbial fuel cell (MFC) was employed to convert reductive potential in sulfate-laden wastewaters to electricity via reducing sulfate to sulfide by sulfate-reducing bacteria and then oxidizing sulfide to sulfur by exoelectrogens. The excess sulfide presented in the anodic solution inhibited the activities of functional strains in MFC. This study proposed the use of a two-anode system, with a sulfate-reducing bacteria anode and an exoelectrogen (C27) anode in the anodic cell, to efficiently convert reductive potential of sulfate into electricity. The microbial community of sulfate-reducing bacteria anode and the electrochemical characteristics of the studied MFCs were reported. 相似文献
96.
97.
The investigation of metal concentrations in street dust samples in Aqaba city,Jordan 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Al-Khashman OA 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2007,29(3):197-207
The concentrations of metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn and Co) in 140 street dust samples were collected from Aqaba
city, Jordan. These samples were determined using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry after digestion with aqua regia.
The highest levels of metal concentrations were found in the samples from heavy traffic. While the lowest levels of metal
ions were noted in the street dust samples from hospital and health centers and school gardens. The results of this study
were compared with several cities around the world. The levels of the metal concentrations found were generally below the
mean world-wide values of street dust samples. Metal values in urban street dust samples were several times higher than the
control levels. The statistical analyses were applied to the data matrix to determine the analytical results and to identify
the possible source of pollution in the studied area. Correlations between the metal concentrations of the street dust samples
were obtained. Factor analysis showed that the area was mainly influenced by three sources, namely lithogenic, traffic, and
industrial. 相似文献
98.
Airborne particulate matter of up to 10 µm collected at an urban and a rural area at Sarajevo in 2013 and 2014 was acid digested for determination of total concentrations or extracted with synthetic gastric juice for the bioaccessible fractions of Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn and determined by graphite furnace and flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The total concentrations of Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and V were higher at the urban site, while those of Cd, Ni, and Zn were virtually equal at both sites. The average bioaccessible fractions exhibited the following trend at both sites: Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn > Pb > Cr > V > Ni > Cd. Enrichment factors and daily intake of metals by inhalation were calculated. 相似文献
99.
Assessment of the exposure of two fish species to metals pollution in the Ogun river catchments, Ketu, Lagos, Nigeria 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The concentrations of metals (Ca, Cd, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry in water,
sediments and fish samples in the Ogun river catchments, Ketu, Lagos, which is an important bird nesting, fishing and drinking
water source. The results show that the southern tip bothering the Lagos lagoon is where the highest metal concentrations
are found in the fish species (Tilapia sp. and Chrysichthys sp.), whereas the Agboyi creek segment near the lagoon with higher surrounding human population density recorded higher levels
of metals in sediments and water samples. The two fish species accumulated different amounts of metals. However, the differences
were not statistically different at p < 0.05. There is a significant correlation (p < 0.05) for Cd concentration in water. The concentrations of Pb in sampling points 3 and 4 as well as Cd, Mn and Fe in all
six sampling points exceeds the World Health Organization (WHO) limits for drinking water. Levels of metals obtained for sediments
are within the range reported for Nigeria’s river sediments. Based on this study, the human risks for heavy metals in the
harvested fish species from the Ogun river catchments, Ketu, are low for now as the concentrations were below the recommended
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) maximum limits for Pb (0.5 mg/Kg), Cd (0.5 mg/Kg), and Zn (30 mg/Kg) in fish. 相似文献
100.
Arsenic released by bottom sediments was determined by experiments in which the sediments were artificially re-suspended using
a particle entrainment simulator (PES) to simulate river conditions. Sediment cores were collected from various tributaries
to drinking water reservoirs in Connecticut spiked with arsenic, and run in the PES at simulated bed-flow shear stresses from
0.0 to 0.6 N/m2. Under equilibrium conditions, the dissolved fraction of arsenic was found to range from 8.3 to 22.1 μg/l, which in most
cases exceeded EPA Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 10 μg/l. Experimental results from these simulations have shown that
bed-flow shear stress causes an increased concentration of dissolved arsenic, most notably at shear stresses of 0.4, 0.5,
and 0.6 N/m2. For the solid phase under equilibrium, the concentrations of arsenic ranged between 71 and 275 mg/kg. The average concentration
of arsenic on the solid phase as well as partitioning coefficient values (K
p) were highest at initial shear stress. This was attributed to the higher fraction of colloidal material and finer organic
particles in the suspended solid mixture. Particles of such nature proved to have higher affinity to arsenic. K
p values were determined from PES data and were found to range from 4,687 to 24,090 l/kg. However, on a mass load basis, the
amount of arsenic found in suspended sediment increased with the increase of shear stress. Similarly, the amount of arsenic
in the solid phase increased significantly for sites with high Volatile Organic Carbon (VOC) content. Because of the influence
of Total Suspended Solids (TSS) and VOC concentrations on K
p, the use of the PES is more appropriate in obtaining K
p values that would be found under real stream conditions when compared to the traditional way of measuring K
p using a jar study technique. 相似文献