溶剂萃取法回收4-溴-2-氟碘苯萃余废水中的碘

研究了4-溴-2-氟碘苯萃余废水中碘的回收方法。25℃下,测定了苯、环己烷等7种萃取剂对碘萃取的分配常数及环己烷对碘萃取的分配曲线。研究选用了萃取率与分配常数相对较高,毒性相对较低的环己烷为萃取剂,并探讨了萃取剂、反应时间、溶液pH值、温度、反萃剂等因素对碘单质去除率的影响。结果表明在室温20℃,不调节废水pH值,相比为1:5、萃取时间10 min的条件下,碘的萃取率可达到88%。在室温20℃,相比为4:5的条件下,采用0.1 mol/L的氢氧化钾为反萃剂,碘的单级反萃率可达到90%。     

光催化/内电解协同处理分散蓝E-4R的研究

建立了微波无极紫外光催化氧化/内电解协同处理印染废水的新工艺。采用微波无极紫外光,以活性炭为光催化剂TiO2的载体,与外加铁屑构成内电解反应,处理分散蓝E-4R模拟废水。研究结果表明:协同工艺中主要是通过内电解过程产生的Fe3+捕获光电子来提高光催化作用的效率,而通过Fe2+催化H2O2形成光Fenton反应生成.OH的效应则较小。在曝气量为0.5 L/min、pH为5、铁屑投加量为40 g、染料初始浓度为50 mg/L时,分散蓝E-4R的脱色率和COD去除率分别达到99.56%、68.45%。     

Effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp clones (Cannabis sativa L.)

● Fe₃O₄ NPs increased the biomass and chlorophyll content of hemp clones. ● Fe₃O₄ NPs penetrated and were internalized by root cells. ● Fe₃O₄ NPs induced the alteration of metabolite profiles in hemp leaves. ● The psychoactive compound THC in hemp leaves was significantly down-regulated. We investigated the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe₃O₄ NPs, ~17 nm in size) on the phenotype and metabolite changes in hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), an annual crop distributed worldwide. Hemp clones were grown in hydroponic cultures with Fe₃O₄ NPs (50, 100, 200, or 500 mg/L) for four weeks. TEM and ICP-MS were used to determine Fe₃O₄ NPs uptake and translocation. LC-MS-based metabolomics was employed to explore the deep insight into the effect of Fe₃O₄ NPs on hemp plants. The results revealed that plant growth enhanced gradually with increasing concentrations of given NPs up to 200 mg/L, which improved the fresh weight and dry weight by 36.13% and 74.68%, respectively, compared to the control. Even at a high dose (500 mg/L), Fe₃O₄ NPs promoted plant growth, including increased biomass and tissue length. NPs significantly increased the iron and chlorophyll content in plant tissues Increased catalase activity and reduced hydrogen peroxide content in hemp leaves suggested that the Fe₃O₄ NPs activated the defense system. TEM showed that NPs were abundantly attached to the cell wall and dispersed throughout the root cells. Metabolomics revealed that Fe₃O₄ NPs induced metabolic reprogramming in hemp leaves, including the up-regulation of carbohydrates and organic acids, and down-regulation of antioxidants, especially tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The significantly up-regulated metabolites, including peonidin and 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, could be involved in photosynthesis in hemp plants. These results demonstrate the potential of Fe₃O₄ NPs for promoting hemp growth and decreasing the THC content at low doses.     

基于Daubechies4小波变换地形滤波的复杂电磁环境仿真加速方法

本文提出了一种基于射线追踪算法的复杂电磁环境仿真计算的加速方法,同时结合并行系统来共同加速仿真计算。对地形DEM数据进行Daubechies4二维离散小波变换,地形滤波在一定范围内有效降低了其复杂度。继而搭建并行计算系统,将滤波后的地形应用到多个辐射源的仿真建模并行计算,提高复杂电磁环境仿真计算速度。经过对该方法进行多次实验,验证了该方法可以在一定精度范围内提高复杂电磁环境计算速度。     

太阳光下水中2,4,6-三氯酚的光解机制研究

对比研究了太阳光下2,4,6-三氯酚（2,4,6-TCP）在纯水,可溶性有机质（DOM）溶液和实际地表水中的光解情况.结果表明,2,4,6-TCP在纯水中主要为直接光解和自敏化光解,涉及的活性物种为单线态氧;在DOM水溶液中主要为直接光解和敏化光解,涉及的活性物种为单线态氧和羟基自由基;2,4,6-TCP在纯水,DOM溶液和实际地表水中的光解速率均随溶液含氧量的提高而增加.太阳光可见区对2,4,6-TCP直接光解没有贡献,UVA贡献为72.60%,而当有DOM存在时,可见光区对2,4,6-TCP的光解贡献为12.39%,UVA的贡献为52.73%.2,4,6-TCP在实际地表水中的光解与在DOM水溶液中的光解类似,都表现为通氮抑制光解,通氧促进光解,并且光谱贡献率也十分接近,表明溶解氧和DOM是2,4,6-TCP在地表水中间接光解的主要影响因素.     

4-硝基酚对大鼠肝脏的毒性及氧化损伤

研究环境内分泌干扰物4-硝基酚(4-nitrophenol,PNP)对大鼠肝脏功能的毒性作用及其对核因子相关因子-2(Nrf2)通路的影响.20只SD雄性大鼠随机分成4个组,分别为对照组、1、10和100 mg·kg-1体重PNP处理组,连续皮下注射28d,检测肝脏的结构变化、氧化损伤和Nrf2及其相关基因的表达情况.结果表明,与对照组相比,100 mg·kg-1PNP处理组大鼠的血清肝功能主要指标ALT、AST、AKP活性和TBIL含量显著性升高p＜005);100 mg·kg-1组肝脏GSH-PX、CAT和SOD活性显著性降低p＜005);大鼠肝脏中Nrf2及其下游基因NQOI和HO-1 mRNA表达水平在1mg·kg-1组显著升高(p＜0.05),10、100 mg·kg-1组有升高趋势;100 mg ·kg-1组肝脏显微和超微结构都发现有不同程度的损伤.结果提示,皮下注射1 mg·kg-1 PNP引起了大鼠肝脏氧化损伤,机体可能通过提高Nrf2及其相关基因mRNA的表达水平来抵抗PNP引起的肝脏损伤;皮下注射100 mg·kg-1 PNP改变了肝脏的正常生理功能,造成肝细胞超微结构病理损伤,引起肝脏毒性.     

Metallothionein induction in mice by CCL4: Hepatic Zn‐status and distribution of administered Cd∗

Induction of metallothionein (MT), Zn status and the subcellular distribution of administered Cd were studied in liver after single administration of CC1₄ to mice. Hepatic MT was increased up to 153±16 μMT/g liver 18 h after injection of 2ml CCl₄/kg body weight. The observed decrease in Zn bound to cytosolic high molecular weight proteins from 25.5 ± 0.6 to 19.8±1.1 resp. 19.0 ± 1.7 μgZn/g and the increase in MT bound Zn from 4.0±0.5 to 9.5 ± 1.1 resp. 10.9±1.1 μgZn/g compensate each other.

Zn content of whole liver and hepatic cytosol remained unchanged. Hepatic subcellular distribution of 4 mg Cd/kg body weight, administered 2 h prior termination was also influenced by CC1₄. Cd bound to high molecular weight proteins decreased from 10.0±1.0 to 7.2±1.6 resp. 3.7 ± 2.6 μg Cd/g and Cd bound to MT increased from 12.5 ± 1.4 to 18.0 ± 3.8 resp. 23.1± 6.4 μgCd/g. Cd content of both, whole liver and cytosol was not significantly different from control. The induction of MT has been suggested to be beneficial due to its role in the sequestration of toxic metals. The depletion of Zn from cytosolic high molecular weight proteins however might adversively influence essential physiological processes.     

Hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(Dimethylamino)Benzylidene)-5-(2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene) Thiocarbohydrazone in rats

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiocarbohydrazone, a novel isatin derivative against carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Hepatic damage was induced by administration of CCl₄ (1 ml/kg, b.w., p.o.) in combination with liquid paraffin (1:1) as a single dose. The hepatotoxic rats were treated with test compound at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg for three days and liver damage biomarkers, including activities of serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and levels of total serum bilirubin (TB) measured in blood samples. Results demonstrated that treatment with test compound at doses of 50 or 100 mg/kg to hepatotoxic rats produced a significant dose-dependent reduction of elevated SGOT, SGPT, ALP activities and TB levels indicating a hepatoprotective effect that was confirmed by histopathological examination of liver tissues. The study results confirmed the hepatoprotective activity of 1-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylidene)-5-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene) thiocarbohydrazone in rats.     

Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation of 3, 4-annelated coumarin-pyrimido-pyrimidine systems

3,4-Annelated coumarin-pyrimido-pyrimidine systems (7-imino-8-mercapto-7H-5-oxa-7a,9,12-triaza-benzo[a]anthracen-6-one 2 and 8-hydroxy-7-imino-10-methyl-7H-5-oxa-7a,9,12-triaza-benzo[a]anthracen-6-one 3) were synthesized by the action of 4-amino-2-mercapto-pyrimidine, 2-amino-4-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidine, respectively, on 4-chlorocoumarin-3-carbonitrile 1. The synthesized compounds were examined for in vitro antibacterial activity against 4 bacterial cultures: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia, Escherichia coli, and Aeromonas Salmonicida. The antibacterial activity of synthesized compounds 2 and 3 was compared to antibacterial activity of novobiocin as a standard drug.     

响应面法优化O_3/H_2O_2/UV工艺降解1,2,4-三氯苯

研究了O3/H2O2/UV臭氧光催化工艺对水中TCB的降解效果,考察了TCB初始浓度、O3转化率、H2O2投加量及pH值对TCB降解效果的影响及其动力学分析,并通过响应面分析法对实验条件进行了优化组合.结果表明,O3/H2O2/UV对TCB的降解均遵循准一级反应动力学,其中条件优化组合后的反应动力学方程为y=0.0219x-0.0127,准一级反应速率常数为0.0219 min-1,所得线性相关系数为0.983.响应面分析结果表明,在TCB初始浓度0.3 mg.L-1、pH=10.1、H2O2投加量0.33 mmol.L-1、O3转化率99.75%的最优工艺组合条件下,TCB的3次平均去除率为94.2%,与预测值95.0%吻合度较高.