基于EIO-LCA模型的纯电动轿车温室气体减排分析

纯电动轿车燃料周期的温室气体排放是否低于汽油轿车的排放仍然存在争议.为评价纯电动轿车的温室气体减排效率,此研究利用中国2007温室气体排放EIO-LCA模型分别核算了普通级纯电动轿车和汽油轿车燃料周期的温室气体排放量.结果表明纯电动轿车燃料周期的温室气体排放总量为124gCO2,e/km,汽油轿车相应的排放总量为265gCO2,e/km,纯电动轿车与汽油轿车相比,减排温室气体53%.模型计算结果还表明影响纯电动轿车温室气体排放的主要行业包括电力、热力的生产和供应业与煤炭开采和洗选业等.因此,纯电动轿车温室气体减排应通过优化一次能源结构、提高电网综合效率等方法实现.     

面向制信息权的核污染扩散预警技术研究

以核电站核污染扩散预警技术为研究对象,基于环保指挥自动化系统C4ISRE,通过整合WRF、HYSPLIT、Unidata IDV、AGI STK、Arc GIS系统等构建核污染扩散单一合成图SIP(Single Integrated Picture),并通过SIP对核污染扩散进行详细分析,进而实现对核污染应急处置的制信息权。研究表明:当研究区实际的天气系统具备了本例模拟的气象特征时,即主体风向为局部区域东北风3~4级,局部区域西北风6~7级,发生与日本福岛核事故同样等级的事故,12个小时后,受影响的居民区主要为谢屯镇、炮台镇、李店镇、普兰店市、无名区1。其中,炮台镇的大部分区域浓度为10 Pbq,面积为2.66 km 2,东北方向部分区域浓度为100 Pbq,面积为0.03 km~2;普兰店市西南部区域浓度为10 Pbq,面积为8.00 km~2,东北部区域浓度为100 Pbq,面积为0.033 km 2;李店镇东北区域浓度为1 Pbq,面积为0.93km~2;无名区1南部区域浓度为1 Pbq,面积为4.50 km~2。     

纳氏试剂比色法直接测定海水中的氨氮

用纳氏试剂比色法直接测定海水中的氨氮 ,着重进行了酒石酸钾钠—氢氧化钠为掩蔽剂的方法条件试验。方法检出范围为 0 .0 5～ 2 .0 0mg L ,方法相对盐度范围为 10～ 3 2的海水可以直接测定     

地膜覆盖和施氮对菜地CH4排放的影响

以位于西南大学农业部重庆紫色土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站内辣椒-萝卜轮作菜地为研究对象,采用静态暗箱/气相色谱法,进行为期2 a的田间原位观测,探讨地膜覆盖和不同施氮处理对菜地CH_4排放的影响.本实验设置8个处理,分别为对照常规(NN0)、对照覆膜(FN0),低N常规(NN1)、低N覆膜(FN1),中N常规(NN2)、中N覆膜(FN2),高N常规(NN3)、高N覆膜(FN3),研究地膜覆盖和施氮对菜地CH_4的排放特征和影响因素以及土壤碳氮组分的变化规律.结果表明,覆膜与常规两种种植方式对于菜地CH_4的排放没有明显差异. 2014年5月～2016年4月,覆膜种植下无氮、低氮、中氮和高氮菜地CH_4年均累积吸收量分别为28. 96、51. 90、43. 43和34. 41 mg·m~(-2),常规种植下CH_4年均累积吸收量分别为40. 76、63. 56、62. 77和21. 92 mg·m~(-2).不同施氮梯度对于菜地CH_4的排放没有显著影响.菜地CH4的吸收量与土壤温度呈显著正相关关系,与土壤含水率则呈现为显著负相关关系.地膜覆盖在辣椒季加速了土壤碳素的矿化,而在萝卜季则没有显著影响.     

四氧化三铁/聚乙烯亚胺纳米颗粒的制备及除磷性能的研究

采用化学共沉淀法,以聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)为改性剂,制备了聚乙烯亚胺改性的纳米四氧化三铁复合材料(Fe3O4/PEI).Zeta电位、透射电镜和FTIR表征结果显示,PEI修饰提高了纳米Fe3O4在水中的分散性和稳定性,同时也增强了其表面正电荷,从而提高了Fe3O4对水中磷酸根的去除能力.在磷酸根初始浓度为50 mg·L~(-1),Fe3O4/PEI投加量为200 mg,p H=3,温度为25℃的条件下,Fe3O4/PEI对100 m L磷酸根的吸附去除率达到91%.吸附过程在3 h内达到平衡.吸附等温数据表明,该吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附等温方程,可决系数R2达到0.99,最大吸附量为29.88 mg·L~(-1).Fe3O4/PEI复合材料重复利用性好,在第5次吸附-解析后还能保持对磷酸根75%以上的吸附去除率.磷的解析效率随着p H增加而增加,在p H=13时,解析效率达到65%.     

EDTA容量法测定硫酸根离子的误差分析

系统分析了ＥＤＴＡ容量法测定硫酸根离子的误差产生环节,并对各个环节提出了相应的误差控制办法。文中着重分析了由移液过程和滴定过程所产生的误差,最后指出,作为测定硫酸根离子的方法标准,ＥＤＴＡ容量法无法保证应有的精度,应由离子色谱法取代之     

双道氢化物原子荧光法测定水和土壤中的砷

用AFS-2201双道氢化物发生原子荧光法测定水、土壤样品中的砷含量,方法简捷、快速、准确,二次污染物少.HNO3浓度大于5ppm时,对测量结果有影响.主机通过与微机相联可直接得出监测数据,大大减轻了监测人员的工作量,测定结果令人满意.     

Study of 4-t-octylphenol degradation and microbial community in granular sludge

In this study, the authors have investigated the effects of various factors on both aerobic and anaerobic degradation of 4-t-octylphenol （4-t-OP） in granular sludge. In comparison, the aerobic degradation rate was much higher than that of anaerobic degradation. The optimal pH values for 4-t-OP degradation in granular sludge were 9 and 7 under aerobic and anaerobic conditions, respectively. And the degradation rate decreased with an increase in the initial 4-t-OP concentration. Addition of yeast extract or homologous compounds such as phenol also enhanced the 4-t-OP degradation, especially under the aerobic condition. To investigate the bacterial community in this study, the denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） method was applied, based on the primers, for the 16S rDNA V3 region of bacteria, γ-proteobacteria and bacillus were identified as the major species of sludge.     

Urea hydrolysis and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorous as MAP from stale human urine

Laboratory-scale tests for magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP)precipitation following urea hydrolysis of human urine were conducted using orthogonal experiment design.The effects of initial pH,temperature and the volumetric ratios of stale urine to fresh urine,on urea hydrolysis in urine were studied to determine the final hydrolysis time to recover most nitrogen from separated human urine by MAP.With a volumetric ratio of stale to fresh urine>10% and at temperature≥20℃,urea hydrolysis could be completed i...     

Adsorption behavior of Azo Dye C. I. Acid Red 14 in aqueous solution on surface soils

Azo dyes have received considerable attention because of their association with various human health problems. The aim of the investigation is to determine the adsorption behavior ofazo dyes in aqueous solution on DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201 soils using C. I. Acid Red 14 （AR14） as example. The experimental results indicate that the Freundlich model expresses the adsorption isotherm better than the Langmuir model and the pseudo-second-order model achieves adsorption of AR14 on the three soils well. Based on the pseudo-second-order model, the adsorption thermodynamic of AR14 on DG06 soil have been studied and the thermodynamics parameter of AGO is determined and AGO value shows the adsorption process of AR14 on DG06 is mainly physical in nature. Furthermore, the effects of temperature, pH and salinity （NaC1） on adsorption have been investigated. The decrease in pH or the increase in salinity enhances the adsorption of AR14 by DG06, GSE17200, and GSE17201.