Effects of temperature on UV-B-induced DNA damage and photorepair in Arabidopsis thaliana

DNA damage in the form of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers(CPDs) and (6-4) photopreducts(6-4PPs) induced by UV-B radiation in Arabidopsis thaliana at different temperatures was investigated using ELISA with specific monoclonal antibodies. CPDs and 6-4PPs increased during 3 h UV-B exposure, but further exposure led to decreases. Contrary to the commonly accepted view that DNA damage induced by UV-B radiation is temperature-independent because of its photochemical nature, we found UV-B-induction of CPDs and 6-4PPs in Arabidopsis to be slower at a low than at a high temperature. Photorepair of CPDs at 24℃ was much faster than that at 0℃ and 12℃,with 50% CPDs removal during 1 h exposure to white light. Photorepair of 6-4PPs at 12℃ was very slow as compared with that at 24℃,and almost no removal of 6-4PPs was detected after 4 h exposure to white light at 0℃. There was evidence to suggest that temperaturedependent DNA damage and photorepair could have important ecological implications.     

基于SSP-RCP情景的黄土高原土地变化模拟及草原碳储量

探索未来气候变化情景下土地利用/覆盖变化（LUCC）和生态系统碳储量的空间分布,可以为优化土地资源再分配和制定社会经济可持续发展政策提供科学依据.研究整合了斑块生成土地利用模拟（PLUS）模型和生态系统服务与权衡综合评价（InVEST）模型,基于CMIP6提供的共享社会经济路径和代表性浓度路径（SSP-RCP）情景,评估了黄土高原LUCC和生态系统碳储量的时空动态变化,分析驱动因素对不同区域的影响程度,探讨各区域碳储量空间相关性.结果表明：①未来3种情景LUCC变化模式相似,耕地、草地和未利用地面积都有不同程度的减少,建设用地急剧扩张,3种情景下的增幅分别为29.23%~53.56%（SSP126）、34.59%~63.28%（SSP245）和42.80%~73.27%（SSP585）.②与2020年相比,2040年SSP126情景碳储量增加1.813 8×10⁶ t,其余情景持续下降;到2060年,3种情景草原碳储量分别减少13.391×10⁶、33.548×10⁶和85.871×10⁶ t.③从空间相关性来看,黄土高原碳储量在市域间存在相关性,未来情景差异不显著,热点分布在研究区中部及中部以北地区,没有明显的冷点区域.④土地利用变化会增加或损失碳储量.林地、耕地和草地比其它土地类型有更多的碳储量,增加它们的面积和限制向其它土地类型转换会增加生态系统碳储量.     

烷烃条件下CF2ClBr的紫外光解离机理研究

以气相色谱、红外光谱为主要分析手段,对气态ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ在ＣＲ２ＣｌＢｒ－Ｃ６Ｈ１２体系中的紫外光解离进行了研究,结果表明,在２５３．７ｎｍ紫外光照射下,该体系的主要光解产物为ＨＣＶＦ２Ｃｌ、ＨＢｒ以及Ｃ６Ｈ１２的聚合物,体系中ＣＦ２ＣｌＢｒ的解离近似精同缀反应,解离反应的速率常数为２．８７７×１０＾－６ｓ＾－１表观量子产率约０．１,基于此,对该光解反应的机理做了分析。     

Bags with oven-dried moss for the active monitoring of airborne trace elements in urban areas

To define a harmonized methodology for the use of moss and lichen bags as active monitoring devices of airborne trace elements in urban areas, we evaluated the element accumulation in bags exposed in Naples in different spring weather conditions for 6- and 12-weeks. Three different pre-exposure treatments were applied to moss and lichen materials: water-washing, acid-washing and oven-drying. During the different exposure periods in the Naples urban environment the moss accumulated always higher amounts of elements (except Hg) than lichens and the element accumulation increased during wetter weather and higher PM₁₀ conditions. The oven pre-treatment did not substantially modify the morphology and element composition of moss and the exposure in bags of this material for 6-weeks was sufficient to detect the pattern of airborne trace elements.     

Characterization of semi-volatile organic compounds emitted during heating of nitrogen-containing plastics at low temperature

Because of recent volume increases, appropriate management of plastic recycling, which generates various organic compounds, is required to ensure the chemical safety of the processes. The processing temperature and resin type are the important factors determining both the efficiency of the processes and the emission of chemicals. Therefore, we studied the thermal degradation of various plastics at various temperatures from 70 to 300 °C under oxygen-present conditions to identify the semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) emitted and to understand their thermal behaviors. The plastics examined were nitrogen-containing resins, such as polyamide 6, polyurethane, melamine formaldehyde, urea formaldehyde and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene. Major commodity plastics were also investigated for comparison. In total, more than 500 SVOCs were detected as emissions from plastics. While various nitrogen-containing SVOCs were detected from nitrogen-containing resins, the major commodity plastics released only these, which possibly were included as additives. These results indicate that the nitrogen atoms in the SVOCs emitted originated from the resins and additives, and not from ambient air at low temperature. As a result of the detection of raw materials, degradation chemicals and by-products of the polymers in the emissions, we found that the variation in chemical species is dependent on the resins. Additives were also emitted from all the resins, meaning that these chemicals were also released to the environment at the temperature examined. In most cases, the numbers and concentrations of SVOCs increased with increasing heating temperature. The variation of thermal behaviors of SVOCs was related to the origins and chemical species of SVOCs.     

焙烧温度对N掺杂TiO2催化剂催化性能的影响

以Ti（SO4）2为钛源、碳酸氢铵为氮源,采用均匀沉淀法制得水合沉淀物,在N2保护下对水合沉淀物进行程序升温处理,制得了不同焙烧温度的N掺杂TiO2可见光响应催化剂.以三硝基间苯二酚为目标降解物,研究了所制备微粒在可见光区及紫外光区的光催化活性.对所制备的催化剂采用X射线衍射、热重-差热分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱对催化剂进行表征,研究改性催化剂的晶相结构、热稳定性、表面结构和光谱特征.结果表明：N-掺杂TiO2的可见光催化活性显著提高,焙烧温度为300℃时可见光催化活性最为优异,在不降低紫外段催化能力的同时,催化剂的吸收带边红移至468nm.     

新显色试剂的合成及在环境监测中的应用研究

合成了一种新三氮烯类显色剂--6-甲氧基苯并噻唑重氮氨基-2,6-二溴-4-羧基苯(简称MBTDABPCP),并研究了其与镉的显色反应.拟定了在SDS存在的Na₂₄₇-HCl缓冲溶液(pH为8.5)中,测定镉的新方法.可用于废水中微量镉的测定.      

菌株Cupriavidus sp. DT-1对液体和土壤中TCP的降解

采用液质联用（HPLC-MS）的方法检测菌株Cupriavidus sp.DT-1降解2-羟基吡啶（2-HP）的代谢产物.并用三亲结合、荧光定量PCR （q-PCR）方法评价降解菌对3,5,6-三氯-2-吡啶酚（TCP）污染土壤的修复效果.结果表明,菌株可以进一步降解2-HP,依次生成尼古丁蓝、马来酰胺酸和反丁烯二酸,直至转化成菌株DT-1生长的碳源.接种菌株DT-1对污染土壤中TCP的降解起到较大的促进作用,2组试验土壤中TCP （50mg/kg）降解率分别为94.4%和86.7%,未接种菌株的土壤中TCP降解率仅为20.4%和28.4%.带有绿色荧光蛋白基因gfp标记的菌株DT-1-gfp可在土壤中存活35d以上,并对TCP污染土壤的细菌群落丰度有显著的恢复作用.     

Hydrolysis mechanism of carbendazim hydrolase from the strain Microbacterium sp. djl-6F

The carbendazim(MBC) hydrolyzing enzyme gene was cloned and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) from a newly isolated MBC-degrading bacterium strain Microbacterium sp. strain djl-6F. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(HPLC-MS)analysis revealed that purified MheI-6F protein catalyzes direct hydrolysis of MBC into2-aminobenzimidazole(2-AB) with a high turnover rate and moderate affinity(Kmof6.69 μmol/L and kcatof 160.88/min) without the need for any cofactors. The optimal catalytic condition of MheI-6F was identified as 45°C, pH 7.0. The enzymatic activity of MheI-6F was found to be diminished by metal ions, and strongly inhibited by sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS).Through generating amino acid mutations in MheI-6F, Cys16 and Cys222 were identified as the catalytic groups that are essential for the hydrolysis of MBC. This is the first report on the biodegradation of MBC at the enzymatice level.     

Cr6+生物可利用度检测的微生物全细胞传感器CB10的构建及其响应特征

为实现重金属污染环境中Cr6+的生物可利用度评价,进而为Cr6+的污染治理提供可靠依据,本研究采用分子生物技术,以重金属广谱抗性菌株Cupriavidus metallidurans CH34的pMOL28质粒上铬抗性调控系统的启动子和调控蛋白基因为传感器调控元件,以北美萤火虫Photinus pyralis的萤火虫荧光素酶基因luc为报告基因构建了一种可对Cr6+生物可利用度进行检测的微生物全细胞传感器CB10,并探究了其在不同检测条下的响应特征.结果表明,微生物全细胞传感器CB10在30 min内即可响应一定浓度的Cr6+;其对Cr6+的检测最低限LOD为2μmol·L-1;当Cr6+的浓度为20～200μmol·L-1时,CB10的响应能力与Cr6+浓度线性相关,进而传感器CB10可对该范围内的Cr6+生物可利用度进行定量分析(R2=0.980 55);当重金属诱导浓度为10～50μmol·L-1时,CB10对Cr6+具有较强的响应特异性;本研究也发现,较高浓度的Pb2+、Mn2+和Sb2+也可以产生对CB10的诱导能力;诱导温度为30℃,pH为7时,CB10的响应效率最高;诱导温度为15～30℃,pH为4～7时,CB10响应能力表现稳定.CB10具备较强的响应速率、灵敏度、特异性和稳定性,具备对水体重金属进行快速检测和土壤重金属的生物可利用进行评价的潜力.