Evaluation of ABC efflux transporters genes expression in kidney of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed with melamine and cyanuric acid diets

Gene expression experiments were targeted in order to monitor the ABC efflux transporters, which is potentially involved in cellular detoxification/defense. Changes in expression levels of different ABC genes in kidney of Oncorhynchus mykiss fed with melamine and melamine + cyanuric acid enriched diets were recorded in both treated groups by mRNA ΔΔ_CT relative quantification method. Expression profiles of eight different ABC genes basically showed low alterations in melamine group and more consistent changes in melamine + cyanuric acid treated fish, compared with own control. In the last group ABCC2 gene over expression was the more evident alteration. These results suggest that ABC efflux system could be involved in mobilization of hydrophilic molecules in the forcing condition of chronic exposure.     

酸缓冲容量对污泥屏障重金属再溶出控制研究

借助污泥中的厌氧微生物活动,污泥屏障可用来固定尾矿堆场的重金属.针对尾矿风化淋滤形成的酸性采矿废水(acidmine drainage,AMD)与污泥屏障相互作用,可能会引起已固定重金属再次溶出问题,通过酸滴定实验,研究了不同厌氧培养时间的污泥悬液的酸缓冲容量及其对重金属再溶出的影响.结果表明,污泥悬液酸缓冲容量与悬液固液比成正比,并随着厌氧还原程度的加深而增加.碳酸盐缓冲体系和有机质缓冲体系对污泥悬液酸缓冲有重要意义.酸滴定实验发现,随着pH降至6.2以下,重金属Zn、Pb和Cu开始快速溶解释放,且释放量符合ZnCuPb.基于实验结果,建立了污泥屏障在AMD渗透条件下酸缓冲容量消耗的数学模型.模拟计算结果表明,对于厚度2.0 m的污泥屏障,即使在10.0 m水头的AMD渗透酸化条件下,有效酸缓冲容量经历666 a之后才能被耗尽,在此时间内污泥屏障具备对重金属的生物化学固定能力.     

基于人工蜂群算法的边坡最危险滑动面搜索

将用于连续数值优化问题的人工蜂群算法引入边坡稳定分析临界滑动面搜索领域.该方法模拟了蜂群的群体协作采蜜过程,具有自适应收敛的特点,克服了传统方法容易陷入局部最优的缺点,是一种全局优化算法.为进一步改善其在复杂边坡搜索中的效果,将Hooke-Jeeves模式搜索操作引入人工蜂群算法,提出一种用于边坡临界滑动面搜索的模式搜...     

不同标准下外压筒体轻量化设计

LNG运输半挂车根据GB 1589-2016《汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值》的规定最大允许总质量不能超过40t,轻量化LNG运输车是今后市场发展方向之一。LNG运输车外筒体由于受外压作用,往往通过设置较多加强圈来防止其失稳。在材质、直径、壁厚、长度均相同条件下的外筒体,按GB/T150《压力容器》、JB 4732《钢制压力容器》、ASME B&P Code VIII-2等不同标准下进行失稳计算,同种规格角钢圈数量大不相同,按ASME B&P Code VIII-2标准计算得出的角钢圈数量最少,轻量化程度更高,更具有市场竞争力。     

液压支架安装运输车旋转机构动态特性分析

为进一步提高液压支架安装运输车旋转机构偏载工况下旋转调向的安全性,建立了旋转机构的数学模型,分析了齿轮接触力、旋转板与液压支架间摩擦阻力、主轴质心随旋转角的变化情况。以此为依据,改进了安装运输车旋转支撑结构,并进行了试验分析。结果表明:三种工况下,齿轮接触力始终波动,仅X向偏载时启动性能较好,Y向偏载对齿轮接触力影响较大,X、Y均偏载时齿轮运动不平衡,易出现啮合冲击;随着偏心距的增加,摩擦阻力激增明显,均值变大,液压支架和旋转板之间的相对滑动趋势越明显,X、Y向均偏载时会出现最大摩擦阻力超过最大允许的静摩擦力,旋转板和液压支架会发生瞬间滑动;随着偏心距的增大,主轴转速振动频率和幅度增大,偏载对主轴转动的稳定性具有很大影响;主轴质心在X、Y平面内的位移和Z向攒动均随着偏心距的增大而增大,且质心位置也随着偏载量的增加而变得越分散。     

S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸缓解水稻种子幼根和幼芽镉胁迫机制

土壤Cd污染对水稻种子萌发和植株生长发育都具有毒害作用,最终可能导致稻谷产量下降及Cd含量超标.本文采用种子萌发试验研究了来源于大蒜提取物的天然含硫有机化合物S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸（SAC）缓解水稻种子幼根和幼芽Cd²⁺胁迫的潜在机制.本试验过程中选用我国南方稻区主栽水稻品种"中早35"种子作为试验材料,首先研究了SAC对水稻种子幼根和幼芽Cd²⁺胁迫的缓解效应;在此基础上,通过研究SAC对种子幼根和幼芽生理生化系统及Cd含量影响,探索了SAC缓解水稻种子幼根和幼芽Cd²⁺胁迫的生理机制;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究了SAC对水稻Cd转运蛋白编码基因表达水平的影响,探讨了SAC缓解Cd²⁺胁迫的分子机制.结果表明,当Cd²⁺胁迫浓度达到50 μmol·L^-1时水稻种子幼根和幼芽发育会受到显著抑制;当SAC添加浓度达到200 μmol·L^-1时,幼根的总根长、根表面积和根体积与50 μmol·L^-1Cd²⁺胁迫处理组相比分别增加173.5%、65.52%和37.04%;幼根和幼芽中CAT、SOD活性分别增加212.42%、110.76%和31.41%、47.31%;幼根和幼芽中MDA、GSH含量分别降低43.09%、34.12%和33.97%、35.74%;幼根和幼芽中Cd含量分别降低35.91%、28.86%.实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,添加SAC处理后Cd转运蛋白编码基因OsNramp5和OsHMA2的相对表达量与Cd²⁺胁迫处理组相比分别显著降低了33.38%和34.99%,OsHMA3的相对表达量与Cd²⁺胁迫处理组相比显著升高了33.96%.由以上试验结果可见,SAC降低水稻幼根和幼芽Cd²⁺胁迫的主要机制是SAC调控了Cd转运蛋白编码基因的表达水平,降低了Cd向幼根和幼芽中的转运,同时增加了Cd向液泡中的转运.     

Effect of superfine KHCO3 and ABC powder on ignition sensitivity of PMMA dust layer

In order to evaluate the flame-retardant capacity of KHCO₃ and ABC on the ignition of PMMA dust layer accumulation on hot surfaces, the ignition time and critical heating temperature of PMMA/KHCO₃ and PMMA/ABC dust layer were experimentally investigated. The thermal stability of the mixed dust, the condensed phase products and gas phase products of the mixed dust combustion were analyzed to reveal the flame-retardant mechanism. The ignition time of 30 μm PMMA was obviously longer than that of 5 μm PMMA, and the critical heating temperature was close to that of 5 μm PMMA. KHCO₃ and ABC could greatly extend the ignition time of the PMMA dust layer and increase the critical heating temperature of the dust layer. ABC was more effective than KHCO₃. The decomposition of KHCO₃ and ABC absorbed the heat and inhibits the pyrolysis of PMMA. The HPO₃ and P₂O₅ generated by the decomposition of ABC would cover the surface of PMMA aggregates or particles and act as a physical barrier. The main light combustible gas produced by PMMA pyrolysis were CO and C₂H₄. The CO₂ generated during the decomposition of KHCO₃ could dilute the combustible gas in the ambient to inhibit the combustion of PMMA.     

Microsatellite length polymorphisms associated with dispersal-related agonistic onset in male wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)

Dispersal propensity, reflecting one of the most decisive mammalian life history traits, has been suggested to vary heritably and to locally adapt to prevailing dispersal conditions in wild house mouse populations. Because individual dispersal propensity highly significantly covaries with the developmental timing of the onset of agonistic interactions between littermate brothers, we used agonistic onset as an endophenotype to explore the potential genetic basis of dispersal-related behavioral variation in male house mice. We found significant covariation of microsatellite marker compositions with the probability of fraternal pairs to exhibit agonistic relationships before the age of 2 months. In particular, the presence of two alleles associated with a serotonin transporter protein gene (Slc6a4) and a testosterone dehydrogenase gene (Cyp3a11), respectively, strongly covaried with the probability of early agonistic onset. These results are congruent with recent findings of microsatellite length polymorphisms marking regulatory variation of gene expression that is relevant for social behavior, including dispersal propensity development, in other mammals. Genetic variability for ontogenetic timing of agonistic onset would be in agreement with genotypic differentiation of the dispersive behavioral syndrome in natural populations that could lead to local adaptation.     

Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis ABC transporter MRP7 modifies cadmium root-to-shoot transport and accumulation

Arabidopsis MRPs/ABCCs have been shown to remove various organic and inorganic substrates from the cytosol to other subcellular compartments. Here we first demonstrate that heterologous expression of AtMRP7 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi) modifies cadmium accumulation, distribution and tolerance. Arabidopsis MRP7 was localized both in the tonoplast and in the plasma membrane when expressed in tobacco. Its overexpression increased tobacco Cd-tolerance and resulted in enhanced cadmium concentration in leaf vacuoles, indicating more efficient detoxification by means of vacuolar storage. Heterologous AtMRP7 expression also led to more efficient retention of Cd in roots, suggesting a contribution to the control of cadmium root-to-shoot translocation. The results underscore the use of AtMRP7 in plant genetic engineering to modify the heavy-metal accumulation pattern for a broad range of applications.     

Reduction of U(VI) by the deep subsurface bacterium, Thermus scotoductus SA-01, and the involvement of the ABC transporter protein

In this study we investigated the effect of uranium on the growth of the bacterium Thermus scotoductus strain SA-01 as well as the whole cell U(VI) reduction capabilities of the organism. Also, site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the identity of a protein capable of a possible alternative mechanism of U(VI) reduction. SA-01 can grow aerobically in up to 1.25 mM uranium and has the capability to reduce low levels of U(VI) in under 20 h. TEM analysis performed on cells exposed to uranium showed extracellular and membrane-bound accumulation of uranium. The reductase-like protein was surprisingly identified as a peptide ABC transporter, peptide-binding protein. This study showcases the concept of protein promiscuity, where this protein with a distinct function in situ can also have the unintended function of a reactant for the reduction of U(VI).