气液混合脉冲放电体系中偶氮染料的脱色效果

为了深入探究水包气式气液混合脉冲放电体系中各参数对有机物降解效果的影响,建立了多针一板电极形式的气液混合脉冲放电等离子体体系,以典型的偶氮染料——酸性橙Ⅱ（A07）为目标物,考察该体系中影响染料脱色效果的关键因素。研究结果表明,气液混合脉冲放电体系中与脉冲电源输入功率有关的因素（脉冲电压峰值和脉冲频率）对A07脱色效果影响明显。随着脉冲电压峰值和脉冲频率的增加,A07溶液的脱色效率和相应的准一级降解动力学常数增加。在较高的脉冲电压峰值（30kV）和脉冲频率（75Hz）条件下,10mg／LA07溶液的脱色效率和准一级降解动力学常数分别达到r92．7％和3．50×10～／min。同时,研究证明酸性溶液条件较利于染料脱色。     

Oral administration of potassium bromate, a major water disinfection by-product, induces oxidative stress and impairs the antioxidant power of rat blood

Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is a widely used food additive, a water disinfection by-product and a known nephrotoxic agent. The effect of KBrO₃ on rat blood, especially on the anti-oxidant defense system, was studied in this work. Animals were given a single oral dose of KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after this treatment. Blood was collected from the animals and separated into plasma and erythrocytes. KBrO₃ administration resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels and decreased the reduced glutathione content indicating the induction of oxidative stress in blood. Methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity were significantly increased while the total anti-oxidant power was greatly reduced upon KBrO₃ treatment. Nitric oxide levels were enhanced while vitamin C concentration decreased in KBrO₃ treated animals. The activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes were also altered upon KBrO₃ treatment. The maximum changes in all these parameters were 48 h after the administration of KBrO₃ and then recovery took place. These results show for the first time that KBrO₃ induces oxidative stress in blood and impairs the anti-oxidant defense system. Thus impairment in the anti-oxidant power and alterations in the activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes may play an important role in mediating the toxic effects of KBrO₃ in the rat blood. The study of such biochemical events in blood will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of KBrO₃ and also for devising methods to overcome its toxic effects.     

磁改性羊粪衍生ZVI-生物炭的制备及其活化过一硫酸盐降解AO7特性研究

以羊粪为原料，制备磁改性羊粪衍生ZVI-生物炭复合材料 （SMF₈₀₀），通过BET、SEM、XRD、N₂吸附-脱附等温线等对其表面形貌及晶体结构进行表征，并采用序批实验考查活化剂和过一硫酸盐 （PMS） 投加量、温度、溶液初始pH、无机阴离子等因素对AO7降解效率影响.结果表明，SMF₈₀₀拥有高度石墨化及多孔结构，在最佳条件下 （PMS=0.8 g·L^-1、SMF₈₀₀=0.5 g·L^-1、AO7=20 mg·L^-1、T=25 ℃），40 min内AO7能被完全降解，在弱酸条件下有利于脱色，且活化剂经过3次循环使用后仍具有良好的活化效率.猝灭实验和XPS测试结果表明，自由基 （SO4- ?、·OH、O₂^·- ） 和非自由基途径 （¹O₂） 协同作用于AO7的降解，其中以Fe⁰还原PMS产生SO4- ?的自由基途径占主导地位，以Fe⁰诱导碳电子、生物炭表面含氧官能团 （C-OH 和COOH） 激活PMS产生¹O₂为辅，而SMF₈₀₀石墨化及大量的sp²-C结构为电子转移提供良好的场所.综上，本研究设计制备了一种新型的生物炭基ZVI活化剂，以期为有机废水高效、低成本的处理方法提供新的技术支撑，同时也为粪源资源化利用提供新的途径.