Heterogeneous reaction of SO2 on CaCO3 particles: Different impacts of NO2 and acetic acid on the sulfite and sulfate formation

Despite the heterogeneous reaction of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) on mineral dust particles significantly affects the atmospheric environment, the effect of acidic gases on the formation of sulfite and sulfate from this reaction is not particularly clear. In this work, using the in-situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technique, we employed a mineral dust particle model (CaCO₃) combined with NO₂ and acetic acid to investigate their effects on the heterogeneous reaction of SO₂ on CaCO₃ particles. It was found that water vapor can promote the formation of sulfite and simulated radiation can facilitate the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate. The addition of NO₂ or acetic acid to the reaction system altered the production of sulfate and sulfite accordingly. There was a synergistic effect between NO₂ and SO₂ that promoted the oxidation of sulfite to sulfate, and a competitive effect between acetic acid and SO₂ that inhibited the formation of sulfite. Moreover, light and water vapor can also affect the heterogeneous reaction of SO₂ with the coexistence of multiple gases. These findings improve our understanding of the effects of organic and inorganic gases and environmental factors on the formation of sulfite and sulfate in heterogeneous reactions.     

模拟酸雨及氮沉降对马尾松林土壤细菌群落结构及其多样性的影响

通过分析酸雨和氮沉降对马尾松林土壤细菌群落结构及多样性的影响,探究马尾松林对环境胁迫的响应机制,为天目山国家自然保护区资源管理和保护提供理论参考依据.于2017～2021年在浙江省临安天目山国家级自然保护区设置4个酸雨和氮沉降模拟梯度[即pH 5.5和0 kg·(hm²·a)^-1,CK; pH 4.5和30 kg·(hm²·a)^-1,T1; pH 3.5和60 kg·(hm²·a)^-1,T2; pH 2.5和120 kg·(hm²·a)^-1,T3].使用Illumina MiSeq PE300二代高通量测序平台对4种处理土壤细菌16S rDNA进行测序,分析不同处理土壤细菌群落组成和结构的差异及其影响因素.结果表明,酸雨和氮沉降显著降低了马尾松林土壤细菌α多样性(P<0.05).马尾松林土壤由36个门类的菌群组成,酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、放线菌门(A...     

2012年秦皇岛市夏秋异常降水及其影响评估简

2012年秦皇岛市夏秋季降水异常偏多,暴雨洪涝、地质灾害严重,给工农业生产及交通航运等带来严重损失。利用统计分析方法对6～11月秦皇岛异常降水进行分析,结果表明：6～11月连续6个月降水偏多,为1955年有气象记录以来唯一年份;11月全市降水偏多5倍以上,创有气象记录以来极值;7下8上区域性暴雨范围大,持续时间长,尤其8月3～4日受台风“达维”影响,出现了近50 a最大洪涝。在分析降水异常基础上,对引起的气象灾害及其影响进行了分析。     

一株酸性大红3R脱色菌的分离、鉴定及其脱色性能研究

通过浓度梯度驯化,从厌氧污泥中分离到一株酸性大红3R脱色菌M3,根据其形态学特征及16S rRNA基因序列分析,鉴定该厌氧菌株为阴沟肠杆菌(Enterobacter cloacae).同时,研究了该菌株在厌氧静置条件下对酸性大红3R的最适脱色条件.结果表明,菌株脱色的最佳营养源为酵母粉,最适宜脱色条件为酵母粉浓度1％、pH =6.5、温度35 ℃、盐度小于4％,在此条件下,对浓度为100 mg·L-1酸性大红3R溶液厌氧静置培养72 h,脱色率达到98％以上.菌株耐盐性良好,在6％ ～8％的盐度下具有较好的脱色效果.分光光谱表明,菌株脱色机制主要为生物降解脱色.毒性试验表明,脱色后的酸性大红3R毒性明显降低.     

可持续发展导向下的生态城市水环境规划研究

水与城市发展息息相关,在城市生态规划时,以可持续发展为目标,以实现生态效益、社会效益和经济效益为导向,加强生态城市水环境规划。结合城市生态规划相关内容,将水环境规划分成水资源规划和水污染防治规划来介绍,重点介绍了水资源规划中水资源综合利用的目标与思路,实施过程与模式,指标体系与策略,突出与传统水资源规划的区别。     

不同类型酸对石灰岩的模拟腐蚀实验

硫酸和硝酸是酸雨中腐蚀石灰岩的主要成分,以不同pH值（4．0、5．6）和流量（6mL·min^-1、30mL·min^-1。）的硫酸、硝酸及混酸溶液对石灰岩进行淋溶处理,通过测定溶液中pH值变化,ca^2＋离子浓度变化,重量损失变化,研究酸类型对石灰岩腐蚀的影响．结果表明,酸雨对石灰岩的腐蚀是物理冲刷和化学溶蚀共同作用...     

A spatial-temporal optimization approach to watershed management: Acid mine drainage treatment in the Cheat River watershed, WV, USA

Most water management studies concentrate on the inter-temporal allocation problem or, more recently, spatial dynamics - but not both. While early spatial-temporal studies focused on the allocation of water quantity, this paper presents an approach to water quality analysis that incorporates both spatial and temporal dynamics in a watershed framework. The acid mine drainage (AMD) problem in the Cheat River watershed of West Virginia, USA, serves as a case study and provides an opportunity to test the modeling approach developed. The empirical models are written in General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and solved using the CPLEX mixed integer programming package. The results suggest that available investments should be concentrated in heavily impaired stream segments. The model can be used to assess the economic implications of alternative watershed Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) implementation or other management strategies.     

1999-2008年湖南省暴雨特征分析

分析了1999-2008年湖南省暴雨的时空特征,并从地形和低空气流、水汽条件等方面分析了该省暴雨时空分异的原因。分析结果表明:(1)春季和夏季暴雨总日数较多;春季,湖南东部的西北、中部和西南部暴雨日数较多,且东部比西部暴雨总日数多;夏季西北和东南暴雨日数较多;秋季,东部暴雨总日数比西部多;冬季,暴雨分布在岳阳-益阳、株洲北部-衡阳北部-永州北部-邵阳南部这两条西南-东部走向的带状区域。(2)春季,湖南北部和西部日暴雨降水较多;夏季,湖南山区日暴雨降水较多,日暴雨降水从东南至西北呈多-少-多的带状分布。秋季,在临湘-平江-长沙县、长沙市域、望城-湘潭-衡山-衡阳市域-祁东-祁阳、永州市、双牌-蓝山、临武、嘉禾这一带状区域暴雨日平均降水较多;冬季,株洲北部-衡阳北部-永州北部邵阳南部一带的平均日暴雨降水较多。(3)冷暖气流交汇、山地对暖湿气流阻挡以及山地有利于湖南平原地区暖气团维持是该省暴雨时空分布一个重要原因。(4)春季和夏季水汽条件相对秋季和冬季充足,导致春季、夏季暴雨比秋季和冬季暴雨要多。     

强降雨在滑坡发育中的关键控制机理及典型实例分析

通过构建水动力作用模型,对降雨的激发控制作用进行分析,得出水动力控制机理的结论:强降雨控制滑坡发育,集中表现在改变土体的静水压力、动水压力与浮托力的作用三方面.选取重庆市黔江流水湾滑坡为典型实例,对强降雨的激发控制作用进行验证,强降雨的水动力作用过程分为坡体剪切、滑动开始、剧烈滑动三个不同阶段.最后,提出久旱过后强降雨...     

Systematic control technologies for gaseous pollutants from non-ferrous metallurgy

Air pollutant emissions represent a critical challenge in the green development of the non-ferrous metallurgy industry.This work studied the emission characteristics,formation mechanisms,phase transformation and separation of typical air pollutants,such as heavy metal particles,mercury,sulfur oxides and fluoride,during non-ferrous smelting.A series of purification technologies,including optimization of the furnace throat and hightemperature discharge,were developed to collaboratively control and...