Effects of simulated acid rain on root growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba saplings planted in acidified soil

Results from pot culture (with one-year old Cunninghamia lanceolata and Schima superba) are described. It was found that the biomass production and elongation of C. lanceolata was seriously inhibited at pH 2.0 rain, but for S. superba, was not affected markedly. When pH values of experimental rain were higher than 2.0, the root growth of both species was not adversely affected. Aluminium had already accumulated to some degrees in the roots of both trees, and started to affect the root growth of C. lanceolata at pH 2.0 rain. The soil chemistry was also examined. Increased acidity of experimental rain increased the leaching of Ca and Mg. The Al/Ca mol ratio increased from 0.3 to 0.9 in top soil, and in rhizosphere to 1.5 when the pH values of simulated acid rain were 4.5 to 2.0. In this experiment, NO3- fertilization effect was discovered.     

江苏省酸雨形势与污染状况分析

阐述了江苏省酸雨污染形势,浅要地分析了大气污染物排放对酸雨的影响状况,以及SO_2、NO_X质量浓度变化与酸雨污染状况的关系。     

GJB 150.8A淋雨试验解读及淋雨试验探讨

对自然界中云滴到雨滴的转化和降雨的形成过程进行了阐述,同时对降雨过程中雨滴的形状、直径、降雨强度、终速度等的物性特点进行了分析.重点探讨了人工模拟降雨试验方法中关于雨滴直径0.5～4.5 mm、雨滴终速度9 m/s、行程、风速18 m/s等指标要求在实际试验中涉及的部分相关问题,基于对降雨过程和降雨引起的破坏机理的分析,结合淋雨设备原理和国内环境试验设备厂家现状,对现行GJB 150.8A—2009淋雨试验中的雨滴直径、雨滴终速度提出了补充完善的建议和意见.     

BSOEM型酸碱中和装置在酸碱废水排放系统中的应用

介绍了在酸碱性废水的中和处理过程中，通过采用一套自控优化排放装置，提高废水排放合格率，并取得了良好的经济效益。     

THROUGHFALL pH: EFFECT OF PRECIPITATION : TIMING AND AMOUNT1

ABSTRACT: Precipitation, throughfall, and stream pH were measured weekly over a 27-week period in 1982 on the Little Millseat watershed in eastern Kentucky. The average pH values over the study period were 4.3, 4.9, and 6.4, respectively, indicating significant buffering as water moved from the atmosphere, through the deciduous canopy, and through or over the soil to the stream. Regression analysis demonstrated that the timing and amount of precipitation were important factors influencing the pH of the throughfall. Weekly precipitation and the three-week average precipitation were statistically significant variables, explaining 53 percent of the variance in the observed through- fall pH. Precipitation pH was not a statistically significant variable for this watershed and sampling period.     

The role of lakeshore homeowner associations in environmental management

The purpose of this study was to determine what role lakeshore homeowner associations might play in environmental management. Lakeshore homeowner associations are formally organized groups of individuals owning property on or in the vicinity of a lake. Lakeshore homeowner associations in the Adirondack Park region of New York State were investigated by both a questionnaire mailed to all presidents and an informal field survey of some permanent lakeshore residents. The study showed that many of these organizations have become highly involved in an array of environmental management activities during their relatively long history. These activities include monitoring septic tank seepage, regulating the use of motorboats, restricting shoreline development, and assisting state and local planning agencies in detecting zoning violations. Some lakeshore homeowner associations are not highly involved in activities designed to maintain or improve quality of the lake environment. These associations are concerned instead primarily with organizing social events and performing other miscellaneous activities, such as access road maintenance. These associations, however, report lower overall water quality in their lakes than those associations with a high degree of involvement in environmental management. The study uncovered two important factors that tend to undermine the ability of lakeshore homeowner associations to undertake environmental management activities. One is the extent of cooperation that can be expected from nonmember residents of the lakeshore, such as seasonal vacationers. The second is an environmental problem that does not originate locally and therefore cannot be controlled by a local organization. Acid precipitation, rated by association presidents as their foremost water quality concern, is one such problem in the Adirondack Park Region.     

Numerical simulations of pyrite oxidation and acid mine drainage in unsaturated waste rock piles

Numerical simulations of layered, sulphide-bearing unsaturated waste rock piles are presented to illustrate the effect of coupled processes on the generation of acid mine drainage (AMD). The conceptual 2D systems were simulated using the HYDRUS model for flow and the POLYMIN model for reactive transport. The simulations generated low-pH AMD which was buffered by sequential mineral dissolution and precipitation. Sulphide oxidation rates throughout the pile varied by about two orders of magnitude (0.004-0.4 kg m-3 year-1) due to small changes in moisture content and grain size. In the fine-grained layers, the high reactive surface area induced high oxidation rates, even though capillary forces kept the local moisture content relatively high. In waste rock piles with horizontal layers, most of the acidity discharged through vertical preferential flow channels while with inclined fine grained layers, capillary diversion channeled the AMD to the outer slope boundary, keeping the pile interior relatively dry. The simulation approach will be useful for helping evaluate design strategies for controlling AMD from waste rock.     

低压离子色谱法测定水和酸雨样品中F~-,Cl~-,NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-)离子

本文介绍了低压离于色谱法测定水样(井水、湖水、矿泉水、自来水)和酸雨中氟、氯、硝酸根、硫酸根离子的方法.欲测阴离子在阴离子交换柱上被分离,同时用1.2mol·l~(-1)N_2CO_3溶液作流动相,流速为 1.6ml·min~(-1).各离子的流分用电导检测.进样量为50μl时F~-,Cl~-,NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-)的最低检出限(2倍噪音比)分别为10,20,250,500ng·ml~(-1).     

山东省酸雨状况及成因研究

依据山东省多年来的降水观测资料,评价了酸雨污染现状,研究了酸雨时空分布规律.通过对主要酸雨前体物的排放强度与降水酸度的关系,土壤酸碱性与降水酸度的关系,以及气象条件对酸雨影响的分析,探讨了山东省酸雨的成因.     

A strategy for integrated monitoring

Administrative machinery has been set up to regulate and control most of the emissions that are known to have severe local consequences, such as the discharge of raw sewage into rivers and lakes and the smokestack emission of air pollutants. Now, the nature of environmental degradation is usually different. We are faced with pollutants and effects with more subtle cause-effect relationships, often characterized by larger geographic areas of interest and longer term potential damage; the potential risk is now more chronic than acute. Acid rain and climate change are good examples, in that they are associated with a variety of pollutants from a number of sources and damage to ecosystems occurs over many years. It is argued that monitoring programs should evolve to reflect the changing nature of the environmental problems they are addressing. It is now necessary to consider interactions among many pollutants, mixing among the various media, and potentially affecting many components of the ecosystem in both indirect and direct ways. Here, integrated monitoring and analysis is presented as a unifying strategy to bring together different measurement methodologies in different disciplines, addressing environmental questions of complexity beyond the scope of many existing activites that have a classical narrower focus. The underlying concept is of nested networks, each tier being composed of sites selected for specific purposes but arranged to maximize the number of common sites where more multidisciplinary questions can be addressed.