秦皇岛市水资源现状与可持续利用对策研究

随着社会经济的发展,水资源消耗日益增加,供需矛盾日益突出。秦皇岛市已面临水资源日益紧张的严峻形势,节流和开源,建立节水型社会体系,积极开发利用再生水、海水和雨水等非常规水源以及合理地配置和利用水资源,是实现秦皇岛市水资源可持续利用的有效措施。     

两种不同抗性作物对酸雨胁迫的响应

为明晰植物渗透调节在抗酸性机制中的作用,考察了模拟酸雨对抗酸性作物水稻(Oryza sativa)和酸敏感性作物大豆(Glycine max)幼苗株高、叶片含水量、渗透势、脯氨酸含量和质膜H+-ATPase活性的影响。结果表明,酸雨(p H=2.5~5.0)喷施5 d后,水稻和大豆幼苗的耐受阈值为p H=4.0和5.0;恢复5 d后,p H=2.5组水稻和p H=3.0组大豆含水量和株高仍未恢复到对照水平。动态测定结果显示,酸雨(p H=4.5和3.0)胁迫初期(第3 d),水稻脯氨酸含量应激升高,调控渗透势下降;随胁迫时间延长(第5 d),脯氨酸含量升高不足以维持稳定的渗透势,质膜H+-ATPase活性升高,调控胞内外渗透平衡。研究表明,酸雨胁迫下水稻脯氨酸和质膜H+-ATPase的渗透调节能力强于大豆,这是水稻抗酸性强于大豆的内在机制之一。     

南通市酸雨污染与成因分析

采用大量酸雨实测数据,全面系统地研究分析南通市酸雨污染状况,从区域性影响、局地污染影响和大气颗粒物缓冲能力等方面研究南通市酸雨污染的成因,为南通市环境综合决策和酸雨污染控制提供科学依据。     

粉煤灰电石渣用作金属废渣和酸性铬污泥的稳定/固化剂的试验研究

粉煤灰、电石渣与水泥存在着某些相似的理化性质 ,研究它们对金属废物和酸性铬污泥的稳定 /固化作用 ,实现以废治废将具有重要意义。本文通过试验研究证实了粉煤灰和电石渣对金属废渣有良好的稳定 /固化作用 ;对酸性铬污泥 ,电石渣有很好的稳定 /固化作用 ,二者完全可以替代水泥用作金属废渣和酸性铬污泥的固化剂。     

酸雨对3种木本植物的胁迫效应

以对酸雨胁迫伤害敏感程度不同的桃树（Prunus persica）、蜡梅（Chimonanthus praecox）和木犀（Osmanthus fragrana）3种典型木本植物为试材,研究了不同pH值的模拟酸雨对3种木本植物叶片叶绿素含量,细胞质膜透性（L％）,脯氨酸（Pro）及丙二醛（MDA）含量的影响,以及光、暗条件对酸雨胁迫伤害的作用。结果表明,在酸雨胁迫下,抗性植物水犀的4项生理生化指标的变幅最小,其次是蜡梅,敏感植物桃树的4项生理生化指标的变幅最高,而光、暗处理对酸雨胁迫下3种木本植物叶片叶绿素含量影响不明显。     

Effects of acid deposition on terrestrial ecosystems and their rehabilitation strategies in China

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅｓｔｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｆｃｏａｌｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎ ,ｗｈｉｃｈａｃｃｏｕｎｔｆｏｒ 75%ｏｆｔｏｔａｌｅｎｅｒｇｙｃｏｎｓｕｍｐｔｉｏｎ .Ｃｏａｌｃｏｍｂｕｓｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｆｒｏｍ 0 .6ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｉｎ 1 980ｔｏ 1 .2 8ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｉｎ 1 995,ａｎｄｗｏｕｌｄｒｅａｃｈｔｏ 1 .45ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｓｉｎ 2 0 0 0 .ＥｍｉｓｓｉｏｎｏｆＳＯ2 ｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｄｗｉｔｈｉｎｃｒｅａｓｉｎｇｃｏａｌｃｏｎｓ…     

BSOEM型酸碱中和装置在酸碱废水排放系统中的应用

介绍了在酸碱性废水的中和处理过程中，通过采用一套自控优化排放装置，提高废水排放合格率，并取得了良好的经济效益。     

Solar active fire clay based hetero-Fenton catalyst over a wide pH range for degradation of Acid Violet 7

Fe(Ⅲ) immobilized fire clay (Fe-FC) was prepared using ferric nitrate by solid state dispersion method and this hetero-Fenton catalyst was applied for the degradation of Acid Violet 7 (AV 7) under natural sunlight. The 26% ferric nitrate loaded fire clay was found to be most efficient. The experimental conditions such as solution pH, H₂O₂ concentration for efficient degradation of AV 7 have been determined. Unlike Fenton catalyst, Fe-FC is photoactive over a wide pH range of 3-7. This catalyst was found to be stable and reusable. The GC-MS analysis of experimental solutions during irradiation revealed the formation of 2,8-diaminonaphthalene-1,3,6-triol, 8-aminonaphthalene-1,2,3,6-tetrol, 2-aminonaphthalene-1,3,6,8-tetrol and 2-aminobenzene-1,3-diol/5-aminonbenzene-1,3-diol/ 2-aminobenzene-1,4-diol as intermediates. The 26% ferric nitrate loaded fire clay was characterized by XRD, ICP-AES, BET surface area, FT-IR, SEM-EDS and UV-DRS studies.     

模拟酸雨对红壤中硅铝铁释放的影响

通过模拟酸雨对湖南红壤的淋溶实验,分析了淋溶液pH值和硅铝铁离子动力学释放规律和特点.结果表明,在一定淋溶范围时,酸雨酸度是决定红壤矿物溶解及离子释放的主要因素,且硅、铝、铁对酸雨响应存在差异.在pH<5.6的各酸度酸雨淋溶下,硅均有大量释放,铁基本无释放.pH在3.0～5.6时铝的释放量很小,只有在酸雨pH值较低时才会有大量溶出.随酸雨淋溶的进行,酸雨pH在3.0～5.6的硅铝释放能力总体呈下降趋势.pH 2.5的酸雨可使红壤矿物的风化作用加强,硅铝释放量均明显增加,铝的增幅更大,但随淋溶量增加硅铝释放能力的增长速度趋缓.实验结果还表明,红壤受酸雨影响pH值降到一定程度后,淋出液中铝浓度与其pH值及DOC都呈线性负相关,酸沉降可破坏固相有机络合铝并使其溶出,但强酸性酸雨作用下红壤溶解而释放的铝主要来自铝硅酸盐的溶解.     

Photocatalytic degradation of Acid Blue 62 over CuO-SnO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst under simulated sunlight

The novel CuO-SnO2 nanocomposite oxide photocatalysts were prepared by simple co-precipitation method, and characterized by X- ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, N2 adsorption-desorption measurement and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activities of CuO-SnO2, evaluated using the photodegradation of Acid Blue 62 as a probe reaction under the irradiation of Xenon light, were also found to be related to the calcination temperature and the molar ratio of Cu to Sn. The maximum photocatalytic activity of the CuO-SnO2 photocatalyst was observed to be calcined at 500~C for 3 h （the molar ratio of Cu to Sn was 1：1） due to the sample with good crystallization and high surface area. It also showed much higher photocatalytic activity in treatment dye wastewater under simulated sunlight irradiation compared to Degussa P25 TiO2.