PAH deposition to snow surface

The urban snowpack effectively acts as a collection device for atmospheric-deposited PAHs. When these PAHs are flushed out in a short time interval along with springtime snowmelt, these cause shockloading to receiving waters. In order to assess the PAH deposition and accumulation in urban snowpacks, a deposition survey of PAH for the winter months of 1991-92 from the city of Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario, Canada was undertaken. The results of the survey are interpreted in view of prevailing meteorology and various emission sources in the study area. The relative PAH deposition levels (to BaP) are compared with relative source emission fingerprints to examine consistency in sampling and analysis. While analyzing the PAH samples using the ASTM (1987) method, the problem of concentration levels being below the detection level was encountered. The ASTM method for PAH analysis was modified to enhance the detection limit of the PAHs by concentrating the PAH extract to very low volumes, on the order of 200-300 microL.     

湿式氧化技术及其应用比较

对湿式氧化技术及其影响因素进行了介绍 ,叙述了各种因素的影响作用并对各因素的影响强弱进行了比较 ,认为反应温度和处理对象的性质是影响湿式氧化技术处理效果的关键因素。阐述了湿式氧化技术在废水处理、污泥处理、活性炭再生中的一些应用研究情况 ,并进行了比较。总结了湿式氧化技术的特点及其在环境治理中的优势     

Composition of wet and bulk deposition in Erzurum, Turkey

Seasonal variations in the chemical characteristics of wet and bulk deposition samples collected in Erzurum were investigated for the period March 2002-January 2003. Major cations (Ca2+, K+, Mg2+) and major anions (SO4(2-),NO3-) were determined in bulk and wet deposition samples; pH was also measured in wet deposition. The average pH of the wet deposition at Erzurum was 6.6 due to extensive neutralization of the acidity. A strong relationship between pH and SO4(2-) concentrations was observed in all seasons; however, only a weak relationship was found between pH and NO3-. On a seasonal basis, the correlation between Ca2+ and SO4(2-) concentrations was stronger in winter than in summer. Seasonal variations of ions were examined in both wet and bulk deposition samples. Although maximum concentrations of anions generally occurred during winter and spring, cation concentrations peaked in summer for both wet and bulk deposition. Results indicated that Ca2+ was the dominant cation and SO4(2-) the dominant anion in all deposition samples at Erzurum. Even though correlations among the crustal ions (calcium, magnesium and potassium) were high, the relationship between anthropogenic ions (sulfate and nitrate) was less clear in bulk deposition.     

深圳大学城园区典型OVOCs污染特征与来源解析

采用质子转移反应质谱仪（PTR-MS）对深圳大学城园区2017年不同季节（分干湿两季）的6种典型OVOCs和其他非甲烷烃类（NMHCs）进行连续在线监测,分析其干湿季的浓度特征与日变化规律,并应用光化学龄的参数化方法开展OVOCs的来源解析.结果表明,在观测的6种OVOCs中,甲醇的平均浓度最高,达10×10^-9~12×10^-9,其次是乙酸、丙酮和乙醛,约2~5×10^-9,甲酸和丁酮的含量最低,仅1×10^-9~2×10^-9.通过日变化观察到的OVOCs湿季峰值浓度时间明显早于干季,乙醛表现出与臭氧（O₃）相似的日变化特征,揭示了其可能存在二次来源;甲醇和丁酮的峰值浓度时间均早于O₃,可能存在重要的一次排放源.采用光化学龄模型解析出日间污染物来源比例：在污染较重的干季,甲醇、乙醛、丙酮和丁酮的人为一次源占主导,甲酸和乙酸的二次源是主要贡献者;在较清洁的湿季,天然源成为乙醛、丙酮、丁酮、甲酸和乙酸的主要来源.     

Characterization particulate matter from several Chinese cooking dishes and implications in health effects

Cooking fume produced by oil and food at a high temperature releases large amount of fine particulate matter(PM) which have a potential hazard to human health. This chamber study investigated particle emission characteristics originated from using four types of oil(soybean oil, olive oil, peanut oil and lard) and different kinds of food materials(meat and vegetable). The corresponding emission factors(EFs) of number, mass, surface area and volume for particles were discussed. Temporal variation of size-fractionated particle concentration showed that olive oil produced the highest number PM concentration for the entire cooking process. Multiple path particle dosimetry(MPPD) model was performed to predict deposition in the human respiratory tract. Results showed that the pulmonary airway deposition fraction was the largest. It was also found that particles produced from olive oil led to the highest deposition. We strongly recommend minimizing the moisture content of ingredients before cooking and giving priority to the use of peanut oil instead of olive oil to reduce human exposure to PM.     

重庆远郊丰都雪玉洞流域大气无机氮湿沉降变化特征与来源分析

以重庆市远郊的丰都雪玉洞流域为研究对象,利用气象站和大气氮沉降仪获取2015年7月~2017年12月的大气降水、NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N等数据,通过NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N比以及气团后向轨迹模拟探讨了流域大气无机氮湿沉降来源.结果表明:(1)在观测期内,流域DIN总沉降通量为21.37×103kg·a-1,单位面积沉降通量为14.25 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1),其中NH_4~+-N和NO_3~--N分别为7.72 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1)和6.53 kg·(hm~2·a)~(-1),分别占DIN湿沉降量的54%和46%;(2)DIN湿沉降通量和浓度表现出明显的季节变化,春夏季DIN湿沉降量比秋冬季节高50%,而秋冬季湿沉降的DIN浓度比春夏季高30%;(3)NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N介于0.29~2.27之间,雨季(4月~9月)NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N1,旱季(10月~次年3月)NH_4~+-N/NO_3~--N1,表明流域雨季DIN湿沉降主要来源农业源,旱季主要来源于城市源;(4)流域雨季主要受东南风的影响,大气湿沉降的NH_4~+-N来源于当地与流域东南方向的农业源,旱季主要受西南风影响,大气湿沉降的NO_3~--N来源于流域西南方向的重庆市区和涪陵等城市源.     

长江口及东海赤潮海洋环境特征综合探讨

针对我国东海及长江口邻近海域赤潮频繁发生的现象,本文通过大量文献查阅和研究追踪,分别从东海赤潮的生物化学、物理海洋和地质沉积三大方面对其爆发的海洋环境特征进行了综合研究。具体涉及浮游藻类密度、叶绿素a含量、初级生产力、海洋温盐流、地貌沉积八个分项的解释,从整体上对长江口及东海赤潮生消演变的海洋环境进行了初步的探讨,为进一步的认识赤潮提供了研究基础。     

Acid deposition critical loads modeling for the simulation of sulfur exceedance and reduction in Guangdong, China

The current acid deposition critical loads in Guangdong, China were calculated using the PROFILE model with a 3 km × 3 km resolution. Calculations were carried out for critical loads of potential acidity, actual acidity, sulfur and nitrogen, with values in extents of 0–3.5, 0–14.0, 0–26.0 and 0–3.5 kmol/(hm2·year), respectively. These values were comparable to previously reported results and reflected the influences of vegetation and soil characteristics on the soil acid buffering capacity. Simulations of S...     

上海市夏季湿沉降汞的时空分布规律及其影响因素

为研究上海市夏季湿沉降汞的时空分布特征,按月采集了2008年夏季(6～8月)5个采样点的大气湿沉降样品,经过王水+BrC1水浴消解、SnCl2还原后,用原子荧光测汞仪测试了样品中的总汞、溶解态汞和颗粒态汞浓度并对结果加以分析。结果表明,上海市夏季各采样点湿沉降中总汞、溶解态汞和颗粒态汞的平均浓度变化范围大,分别为0.13～0.39μg/L、0.04～0.22μg/L、0.09～0.18μg/L,总体上各形态汞的浓度都较高。湿沉降总汞的浓度在时间上表现为6月份较低而7、8月份较高的特征,在空间上是浦东最高,普陀其次,宝山最低;颗粒态汞占总汞的比例大,并且在不同降水类型中所占总汞的比例不同,在梅雨期锋面雨中所占比例较少而在对流雨中所占比例较大;总汞的沉降量与降水量成明显的正相关关系。大气湿沉降中各形态汞的浓度受控因素较多,其中在重要排放源和市中心下风向地区汞的浓度偏高,这需要在节能减排上下功夫,从源头治理汞的污染。     

"负压干法除尘和正压湿法脱硫"工艺在燃煤锅炉烟气治理中的应用

介绍了“负压干法除尘和正压湿法脱硫”工艺在20t／h燃煤锅炉烟气脱硫除尘中的应用,及该工艺的设计过程、实际运行中的问题和达到的效果。