化学改性对碳纳米管催化剂结构和活性的影响

采用经过臭氧、空气和混酸（HNO3-H2SO4）化学改性的多壁碳纳米管（MWNTs）作为催化剂,用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、FT—IR、Raman、XPS分析方法对MWNTs进行结构表征。在间歇式高压反应釜中,以改性后的MWNTs作为催化剂,开展了催化湿式氧化苯酚的活性研究。结果表明：经改性的MWNTs具有较高的催化活性。在155℃和总压2．5MPa,苯酚初始浓度为1000mg／L,催化剂投加量为0．4g／L的条件下,液相臭氧改性方法处理的MWNTs表现出了良好的催化活性,反应120min后苯酚的去除率为100％,溶液的矿化率为72％。改性的催化剂表面生成的含氧官能团是MWNTs在催化湿式氧化反应中具有高活性的重要原因。     

Bioconversion of wastes from olive oil industries by vermicomposting process using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia andrei

The present work evaluates the possible bioconversion of wet olive cake by low-cost biostabilization (vermicomposting process). Wet olive cake fresh (WOC), precomposted (WOCP), or mixed with biosolids (WOCB), were vermicomposted for 6 months to obtain organic amendments for agricultural and remediation purposes. The results showed initial differences depending on previous treatment. WOCP was initially more stable, presented a low C:N ratio, and showed more dehydrogenase and urease activity. By contrast, there was no dehydrogenase activity initially in WOC and WOCB, due to the presence of some different types of polyphenols. Finally, the end product showed relatively higher amounts of total nitrogen and humic acid and met the standard of quality for composts and vermicomposts for use both in conventional and organic agriculture and soil-restoration programs.     

Influence of foliar morphology and crown geometry on insecticide deposition and dissipation following an aerial spray over a mixed forest

Abstract

Deposition and dissipation of aerially sprayed phosphamidon insecticide over a mixed forest consisting of different species of coniferous and deciduous trees were studied. The data showed that the chemical deposited more and dissipated slower from deciduous foliage than from conifer needles. Differences in deposits and persistence were also found within each of the two foliar types. Leaf shape and orientation, crown geometry and foliar morphology appear to have played a role. No correlation was found between initial deposit levels and cuticular wax content of different foliar species. A controlled laboratory study showed that surface area/mass ratio played a more important role on initial deposits than pubescence/serrations present on foliar surfaces.     

PCF型湿式脱硫除尘器入口结构优化

以PCF型湿式脱硫除尘器为物理模型,利用Fluent软件包,采用RNGк-ε湍流模型和SIMPLEC算法,对装置内三维流场进行数值模拟.模拟结果发现,原倾斜入口(A)的装置内烟气分布不均匀.提出了水平入口(B)、左入口(C)、右入口(D)3种优化结构,并分别对A、B、C、D入口装置内气流速度、湍流强度与压降进行了模拟分析.结果表明,C、D入口使装置内气流速度分布更加均匀,且增强了装置内湍流强度,但C入口会导致压降增加,因此最佳入口为D.最后,针对入口D装置中的低速区,模拟分析了30°、45°与54°3种不同切入角度,得出45 °效果最佳.     

紫外催化湿式双氧水氧化处理化学镀铜废液

利用化学镀铜废液自身含有的铜作为催化剂,应用紫外催化湿式双氧水氧化工艺处理化学镀铜废液取得了良好效果。通过单因素实验确定的推荐工艺条件为：pH=2.0（保持原始值不变）;不额外投加铜催化剂;H₂O₂用量为2倍理论量。在此条件下处理化学镀铜废液180 min,COD去除率可达到96.6%;之后采用沉淀法回收铜,调节处理后废水pH到9.5,铜的回收率可达到99.8%。     

脱硫湿式球磨机堵磨原因分析及处理

湿磨系统在湿法脱硫中应用非常广泛,但也存在不少问题。分析了湿式球磨机运行电流下降、系统堵塞等堵磨现象产生的原因,探讨了湿磨系统堵磨后的处理方法。采取针对性的检修及运行措施,形成一套完整的方案,可以预防湿式球磨机堵磨事件发生,为湿式球磨机堵磨处理及预防提供了参考。     

菱镁矿浮选尾矿浆液的烟气脱硫性能

以菱镁矿浮选尾矿浆液为烟气脱硫剂,采用湿法烟气脱硫技术,对模拟烟气进行脱硫研究。实验结果表明：在脱硫剂浆液质量分数10%、脱硫剂浆液温度60 ℃、脱硫时间10 min时,脱硫剂浆液的脱硫率为85%;向脱硫剂浆液中添加柠檬酸和乙二酸时均有助于提高脱硫率,当有机酸的浓度3.5 mmol/L时,添加柠檬酸的脱硫剂浆液的脱硫率为96%,添加乙二酸的脱硫剂浆液的脱硫率为90%。     

Particulates and Metallic Elements Monitoring at Two Sampling Sites (Harbor,Airport) in Taiwan

This study characterized the dry deposition flux and dry deposition velocity (Vd) of metallic elements attached on particulate matter. Specifically, large particles (>10 μm), coarse particles (10 μm～2.5 μm), and fine particles (<2.5 μm) were studied at the Gong Ming Junior High School (Taichung Airport) and Taichung Harbor sampling sites in central Taiwan. Ambient air samples were collected to determine total suspended particulate matter (TSP), dry deposition plate (DDP), Vd, coarse particulate matter (PM_2.5–10) and fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), and metallic elements concentrations at the Airport and Taichung Harbor sites between June 17, 2013, and November 14, 2013. The results revealed that the average TSP, DDP, Vd, PM_2.5–10, and PM_2.5 particulate at the Airport were 54.55 (μg/m³), 902.25 (μg/m²-min), 17.11 (m/sec), 0.003 (μg/m³), and 0.010 (μg/m³), respectively; while these values at Taichung Harbor were 63.66 (μg/m³), 539.69 (μg/m²-min), 9.94 (m/sec), 0.003 (μg/m³), and 0.014 (μg/m³), respectively. In addition, the results showed that the average Cu and Pb concentrations were higher than Cr, Ni, and Cd for both the airport and harbor sampling sites. Furthermore, Cr, N, Cu, Cd, and Pb had the highest average concentrations versus those reported for other study areas, with one exception: The results obtained in Kacanik, Kosovo, during 2005. The average metallic elements concentrations order was Cu > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cd.     

邵阳市城区大气降尘中的Pb、Cd的污染及环境风险评价

为研究邵阳市城区大气降尘中Pb、Cd的污染程度及环境风险,于2011—2014年在不同功能区采集大气降尘样品,对Pb、Cd的污染程度及环境风险进行评价。结果表明,邵阳市城区大气降尘中Pb、Cd平均值分别为167.29、2.09mg/kg;各功能区大气降尘中Pb的年平均值污染程度级别在2~3级,城区的年平均值污染程度为中度污染,Cd在各个功能区及城区的年平均值污染程度级别均为4级,属于强污染;各功能区Pb、Cd的潜在生态风险指数波动较小,Pb均为轻微生态危害,Cd均为极强生态危害;城区大气降尘中Pb、Cd的总非致癌风险为儿童6.90×10-1、成年女性9.59×10-2、成年男性8.26×10-2;Cd的呼吸系统吸入途径平均致癌风险为成年女性5.42×10-9、成年男性为5.15×10-9,远低于10-6~10-4,不具有致癌风险。     

络合-电沉积法制备TiO_2纳米管负载Ag光催化剂

采用柠檬酸钠作为络合剂,通过络合-电沉积法制备了TiO2纳米管负载Ag光催化剂(Ag/TiO2NTs),通过FE-SEM和XRD等手段对Ag/TiO2NTs进行了表征。以偶氮染料甲基橙(MO)为目标降解物,考察了不同制备条件对Ag/TiO2NTs光催化性能的影响。表征结果显示,柠檬酸钠可以有效调控Ag+的电化学还原过程,实现Ag纳米颗粒在TiO2纳米管表面的均匀负载。实验结果表明:以在n(柠檬酸钠)∶n(Ag NO3)=1、电流密度为0.4 m A/cm2、煅烧温度为500℃的条件下制得的Ag/TiO2NTs作为光催化剂(Ag负载量为1.97%(x)),处理初始质量浓度为20 mg/L、初始溶液p H为9的MO溶液,光催化反应120 min后MO去除率为86.53%;经过6次的重复使用,Ag/TiO2NTs催化剂光催化降解MO的去除率基本稳定在80%以上。