Direct and Indirect Effects of Soil Pollution by Lignite Mining

Lignite mining and processing has caused a pronounced impact both directly and indirectly on soils and ecosystems across large areas of the former GDR. We studied soils of pine forest ecosystems at sites affected by severe alkaline dust and sulphur deposition, stemming from lignite fired power plant emission, and at dumped sites from lignite mining. In this paper we summarize our main results and evaluate the long-term impact of lignite mining and combustion on the environment. The pine ecosystems on naturally developed soils show a clear effect of deposition history along a former deposition gradient with distinct changes in chemical properties of organic surface layers and mineral soil as well as in element turnover and cycling rates. Afforested sites on mining dumps are directly affected by the composition of the dumped substrates. Over a large area (800 km²) these substrates are dominated by Tertiary sediments with varying amounts of lignitic particles and pyrite that result in phytotoxic site conditions (pH < 3, high salt and metal contents). High amelioration doses of liming material (up to 200 t ha⁻¹) were applied for restoration purposes. We studied the development of these sites over a period of 60 years using a false-time series approach. Beside the extreme soil conditions, element budgets of these sites are characterized by very high element release rates over decades caused by pyrite oxidation and primary mineral weathering.     

催化湿法氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的经济性初步分析

根据催化湿法氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的小试工艺条件以及实验参数，初步估算了该工艺的投资费用和运行费用，并与其它处理工艺进行了比较，结果显示，催化湿法氧化工艺处理垃圾渗滤液具有良好的应用价值。     

液化气球罐应力腐蚀开裂试验研究

由于炼制进口高硫原油,在炼油球罐检验中发现越来越多的内表面应力腐蚀裂纹。对球罐应力腐蚀开裂的原因和主要影响因素进行分析。从液化石油气球罐的安全性出发,采用线弹性断裂力学方法,针对16MnR和SPV50Q球罐所用钢材,在分析湿硫化氢环境下应力腐蚀开裂形式的基础上,通过改进的WOL预裂纹试样的应力腐蚀开裂试验,对不同球罐所用钢材、不同硫化氢浓度、不同焊接状态条件下的应力腐蚀开裂进行研究,并对设备所采用的材料、所处的介质浓度、材料的热处理状况等进行分析,并提出了防止对策。该方法也适用于液化石油气球罐应力腐蚀开裂,以预测事故的发生。     

Ecophysiological responses of winter wheat seedling to aerosol wet deposition of Xi’an area, China

Aerosol leads to 30% reduction in solar radiation reaching the earth’s surface, and a similar reduction in crops yield for both wheat and rice. To determine the effect of aerosol wet deposition on crops, aerosol samples were collected in September, 2006 at Xi’an urban suburb (34?44 N, 109?49 E), and wheat seedlings were treated with aerosol of different concentrations in laboratory conditions. Changes in physiological and biochemical parameters of wheat seedlings were measured. In comparison with the control, the activities of superoxide dismudase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and the concentration malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) of wheat seedlings increased progressively with increasing concentrations of added aerosol, while the opposite trend was seen for the activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), the concentrations of glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO), and the ratio of GSH/GSSG. When the seedlings were treated with the aerosol of 1 and 2 mg/L, the coleoptile elongation, shoot elongation and biomass accumulation were increased, the effect at treatment of 2 mg/L was most significant. However, aerosol treatments with rates of 3 and 4 mg/L resulted in a decrease in coleoptile elongation, shoot elongation and biomass accumulation in seedlings, and significant effect was for the treatment of 4 mg/L. Hence, lower concentrations of aerosol wet deposition were in favor of crops growth, but its higher concentrations could result in deleterious effects for crops and decreased crops growth.     

CWAO降解正丁酸升温过程反应条件的优化

文章研究了正丁酸原液TOC浓度、催化剂用量、反应温度、氧气分压对Mn-Ce催化剂催化湿式氧化正丁酸升温反应过程的影响,建立了催化湿式氧化降解正丁酸升温反应过程的非线性回归模型,经计算,模型的可决系数r2和模拟效率系数NSC的值分别为0.9946和0.9352,均达到0.80以上,表明所建模型可以较准确预测催化湿式氧化过程中残余的正丁酸浓度;在非线性回归模型基础上,进行了催化湿式氧化降解正丁酸升温反应过程影响因素的最优取值研究,结果表明在最优反应条件下,催化湿式氧化降解正丁酸的实验总费明显低于实验条件取值的总费用。     

离子色谱方法在分析大气湿沉降中的应用

使用ISC-90美国戴安离子色谱仪,采用AS14阴离子分离柱,分析大气湿沉降中无机阴离子F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、NO3^-、PO4^-等七种,共检出F^-、Cl^-、NO2^-、NO3^-和SO4^2-五种无机阴离子,它具有分析快速,准确、灵敏高、噪声小,基线稳定,背景电导低,线性范围宽,样品用量少,无污染等优点,同时进行多组份测定,是目前分析大气湿沉降组份首选的分析方法之一。     

湿法脱硫系统（无GGH）不设置烟气旁路方案探讨

介绍了烟气旁路系统作用,从系统特点、系统可靠性和安全性、投资及运行费用、技术经济性几方面对比了设置旁路系统和不设置旁路系统,得出结论：不设置旁路系统可行。     

湿式氧化处理高浓度磷霉素废水的动力学研究

采用湿式氧化(Wet Air Oxidation,WAO)工艺处理高浓度磷霉素制药废水,并对磷霉素制药废水WAO过程中总有机磷(TOP)和CODCr去除的动力学特征进行研究,定量表征了反应温度、氧分压对TOP和CODCr去除的影响。结果表明:WAO过程中TOP和CODCr的去除分为快反应和慢反应2个阶段,其去除过程较好地符合分段一级动力学模型,总体而言,TOP和CODCr的去除随着反应温度和氧分压的增加而增大,慢反应阶段TOP和CODCr的去除对反应温度和氧分压呈现较弱的依赖性。在氧分压为1.0 MPa条件下,TOP去除的表观活化能Eafast和Easlow分别为68.6和44.7 kJ/mol,COD去除的表观活化能Ea和Ea分别为41.0和24.5 kJ/mol。     

湿法烟气脱硫系统运行节能优化措施

针对石灰石-石膏湿法脱硫系统在台州发电厂的应用过程中几项改造项目进行了分析和总结,提出改进湿法脱硫系统运行经济性的措施,在提高脱硫设备运行稳定性、降低脱硫设备故障率,减少脱硫运行对主机的影响等方面达到了显著的效果,为脱硫系统的节能、经济运行提供了参考。     

影响湿法脱硫石膏脱水效率的因素研究

脱硫石膏脱水是湿法脱硫工艺的重要环节之一,文章介绍了影响脱硫石膏脱水效率的各影响因素。并结合资料给出了部分因素的最佳控制参数或条件。