生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性评价原理与方法

介绍了敏感性及生态系统对酸沉降的绝对敏感性和相对敏感性的概念,概念了水体和土壤对酸沉降绝对敏感性评价的方法。通过分析比较生态系统中各生态子对酸沉降的缓冲能力,担子同建立生态系统对酸沉降相对敏感性评价的基本原理,并介绍了建立的评价才近期的发展。     

重庆市酸沉降污染经济损失估算

重庆市酸沉降降污染严重,为确定其造成的经济损失,经经济社会发展决策提供依据和拟订,选择满意的防治姑人群健康和农林污染危害调查,材料挂片耐蚀试验,模拟酸沉降实验等基础上,用人力资本法,市场价值法和投入产出损益比较法进行估算。     

灰色系统模型在大气环境质量预测中的应用

把大气环境作为一个灰色系统,建立GM(1,1)预测模型,对大气中的降尘及总悬浮物做出科学的预测,并进行灰色模型的精度检验。      

含锰废渣吸收低浓度SO2生产MnSO4·H2O研究

在实验室中进行了含锰废渣吸收低浓度ＳＯ２废气生产ＭｎＳＯ２·Ｈ２Ｏ的研究,用ＭｎＳＯ４·Ｈ２Ｏ生产过程中废弃的含锰废渣在玻砂气体吸收器中吸收废气中ＳＯ２,对ＳＯ２２为０．０１ｍ＾３／ｍ＾３的废气,在固液比ｒ＝１：５,ｐＨ１．８－２．２,ＳＯ２吸收效率η≥９０％的条件下一步生成纯度较高的ＭｎＳＯ４母液,经简单的除杂,过滤,浓缩,结晶、干燥得到ＭｎＳＯ４·Ｈ２Ｏ含量达到９４％的产品。     

陆地生态系统酸沉降缓冲能力影响因素

陆地生态系统对酸沉降的缓冲作用主要由土壤和植被完成。影响两者缓冲能力的因素不仅仅局限于土壤的有关性质,故应全面考察影响缓冲能力的各种因素,其中包括土壤、植被和气候因素。     

Bayesian estimation of European sulphur emissions using monitoring data and an acid deposition model

A statistical method for estimating national emissions of acidifying air pollutants in Europe is presented. The method uses an acid deposition model to match official emissions data from European countries and measured depositions from a monitoring network. An application to 1990 sulphate data demonstrates the method and suggests some tendencies in the reported emissions. The proposed framework may prove useful for verifying national compliance with emissions standards, and the method should be applicable also to other substances than sulphur dioxide. The problem of designing an optimal monitoring network may also be assessed within the proposed statistical framework.     

深海压力–流速耦合环境下基于灰色系统理论的有机涂层寿命预测研究

目的 建立深海压力–流速耦合环境下有机涂层的寿命预测模型,并预测有机涂层在该环境下的服役寿命。方法 首先针对涂层的湿态附着力变化结果,基于灰色系统理论,建立湿态附着力的GM(1,1)模型。随后再基于耦合环境下的试验结果,建立涂层水传输的扩散模型。最后,在此基础上,利用灰色关联分析方法,计算这2种失效影响因素在涂层失效过程中所占的权重因子,并基于这2个影响因素建立涂层失效的数学模型。结果 经过数学统计验证和试验结果对比验证,该模型精度良好,可靠性高。结论 该模型能够对深海压力–流速耦合环境下有机涂层的寿命进行准确预测。     

FOG AND ACIDIFICATION IMPACTS ON ION BUDGETS OF BASINS IN NOVA SCOTIA,CANADA1

ABSTRACT: We examined hydrogeochemical records for a dozen watersheds in and near Kejimkujik National Park in southwestern Nova Scotia by relating stream ion concentrations and fluxes to atmospheric deposition, stream type (lake inlet versus outlet; brown versus clear water), and watershed type (catchment area, topography, soils, and dominant forest cover type). We found that fog and dry deposition make important contributions to S, N, Cl, H, Ca, Mg, K, and Na inputs into these watersheds. Seasalt chloride deposition from rain, snow, fog, and dry deposition equal total stream outputs on a region‐wide basis. Chloride outputs, however, differ among watersheds by a factor of about two, likely due to local differences in air flow and vegetational fog interception. We found that most of the incoming N is absorbed by the vegetation, as stream water NO3^‐ and NH4⁺ are very low. Our results also show that the vegetation and the soils absorb about half of the incoming SO4². In comparison with other North American watersheds with similar forest vegetation, Ca outputs are low, while Mg and K outputs are similar to other regions. Soil exchangeable Ca and soil cation exchange capacity are also very low. We found that first‐order forest streams with no upstream lakes have a distinct seasonal pattern that neither corresponds with the seasonal pattern of atmospheric deposition, nor with the seasonal pattern of downstream lake outlets.     

催化湿式氧化处理H-酸溶液的反应动力学

两阶段一级反应动力学模型和广义动力学模型被用来描述湿式氧化 ( WAO)及催化湿式氧化 ( CWAO)反应过程 ,并确定了动力学参数 .2个模型的计算值均与实验值相符 ,而广义动力学模型相对更准确些 .2个模型均表明反应分 2个步骤 :首先是H-酸被迅速氧化成小分子有机酸 ,后者再缓慢氧化 .这 2个步骤由模型参数加以表征 ,因而模型可被用来对 CWAO催化剂进行评价 .     

电化学法脱除烟气二氧化硫制取硫酸-Br-/Br2电解体系

本文研究了Br-/Br2体系的电化学方法脱除烟道气中二氧化硫的各个影响因素:温度对电解体系的性能影响;温度、酸度以及吸收方式对脱硫效率的影响.