湿式除尘器的应用研究

新疆油田公司供热公司为提高除尘效率,减少SO_2排放量,将多管除尘器改造为湿式除尘器,介绍了湿式除尘器的结构和除尘原理。针对存在的问题,通过改进溢流箱结构解决了水位控制问题,烟气含尘量和SO_2排放量均达到GB 13271—2001《锅炉大气污染物排放标准》。介绍了利用纯碱、电石渣、锅炉的冲渣水与除尘器流出的冲灰水混合这三种烟气脱硫方法,其中,锅炉的冲渣水与除尘器流出的冲灰水混合的烟气脱硫方法综合效果最好。     

明胶生产污水处理工艺探讨

明胶生产污水由于其污泥量极高且污泥本身的特点,所以处理技术一直是一大难题。本文以青海明胶股份有限公司污水处理工程的成功实例,探讨了高SS污泥处理的问题,以及在高海拔高寒地区冬季的明胶污水生化处理问题。     

Soil acidity reconstruction based on tree ring information of a dominant species Abies fabri in the subalpine forest ecosystems in southwest China

To assess the suitability of dendrochemistry as an indicator of soil acidification, soil chemistry and tree ring information of Abies fabri were measured at two distinct sites (severe acid deposition site-Emei Mountain and clean site-Gongga Mountain) of the subalpine forest ecosystems of western Sichuan, southwest China. The actual soil acidity (pH) was significantly correlated with some of the recent xylem cation (Ca, Mg, Mn, Al, Sr and Ba) concentrations and their molar ratios. Xylem Ca/Mg and Ca/Mn of A. fabri were ultimately selected to reconstruct the historical changes of soil pH in Emei Mountain and Gongga Mountain, respectively. The validity of those rebuild was also verified to a certain extent. We conclude that xylem cation molar ratios of A. fabri were superior to the single cation concentrations in soil acidity rebuild at the study sites due to normalizing for concentration fluctuations.     

Ozone, nitric acid, and ammonia air pollution is unhealthy for people and ecosystems in southern Sierra Nevada, California

Two-week average concentrations of ozone (O₃), nitric acid vapor (HNO₃) and ammonia (NH₃) were measured with passive samplers during the 2002 summer season across the central Sierra Nevada Mountains, California, along the San Joaquin River drainage. Elevated concentrations of the pollutants were determined with seasonal means for individual sites ranging between 62 and 88 ppb for O₃, 1.0-3.8 μg m⁻³ for HNO₃, and 2.6-5.2 μg m⁻³ for NH₃. Calculated O₃ exposure indices were very high, reaching SUM00-191 ppm h, SUM60-151 ppm h, and W126-124 ppm h. Calculated nitrogen (N) dry deposition ranged from 1.4 to 15 kg N ha⁻¹ for maximum values, and 0.4-8 kg N ha⁻¹ for minimum values; potentially exceeding Critical Loads (CL) for nutritional N. The U.S., California, and European 8 h O₃ human health standards were exceeded during 104, 108, and 114 days respectively, indicating high risk to humans from ambient O₃.     

湿法脱硫技术在高含硫燃煤机组上的应用

龙源自主知识产权湿法烟气脱硫技术在高含硫燃煤机组上的应用,经过168 h试运行及一系列相关试验.探索了石膏浆液的最高合理密度范围.结果表明,机组燃用设计及校核煤种有较大裕度,具有一定的借鉴意义.     

Multivariate statistics to investigate metal contamination in surface soil

The modification of soil composition in the urbanized area of Ankara due to wet-dry deposition and pollution-derived particles from the atmosphere is investigated by analyzing 120 surface soil samples, collected from the urbanized area and its un-urbanized surrounding, for major, minor and trace elements. Concentrations of elements from human activity (e.g. Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, Cu and Ca) in the urbanized area were higher than their corresponding concentrations in global average soil and soil in un-urbanized areas outside the urbanized area. Metal contents in soil were very high in densely populated districts and around some industrial facilities. The only exception was Pb distribution, which was more dispersed, due to the nature of motor vehicle emissions. Alteration of the Cd, Zn, Cu and Cr content of soil was confined to the inhabited and industrial areas, whereas enrichment factors of these elements were close to unity in the remaining study area. Factor analysis identified two polluted soil factor associations. One factor includes elements, such as Zn and Cd, which had high factor scores in inhabited areas and the other factor (high loading of Pb) represents soil polluted by motor vehicle emissions.     

Response of soil fauna to simulated nitrogen deposition： A nursery experiment in subtropical China

We studied the responses of soil fauna to a simulated nitrogen deposition in nursery experimental plots in Subtropical China. Dissolved NH4NO3 was applied to the soil by spraying twice per month for 16 months, starting January 2003 with treatments of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 30 gN/(m2·a). Soil fauna was sampled after 6, 9, 13 and 16 months of treatment in three soil depths (0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm). Soil available N increased in correspondence with the increasing N treatment, whereas soil pH decreased. Bacterial and fungal densities were elevated by the N treatment. Soil fauna increased in the lower nitrogen treatments but decreased in the higher N treatments, which might indicate that there was a threshold around 10 gN/(m2·a) for the stimulating effects of N addition. The N effects were dependent on the soil depth and sampling time. The data also suggested that the effects of the different N treatments were related to the level of N saturation, especially the concentration of NO3- in the soil.     

濒海大气环境氯离子高度分布规律研究

目的 研究濒海大气环境氯离子沿建筑物高度的分布规律。方法 以海南濒海高层建筑为研究平台,在建筑物不同高度楼层设置监测点,采用“纱布法”完成不同高度层的大气环境氯离子沉积速率数据采集,每次取换样周期为30 d,连续监测1 a。利用离子色谱仪对所采集的样本进行检测分析,研究濒海大气环境氯离子沿建筑物高度的分布规律。结果 氯离子沉积速率随塔楼高度的增加而升高,在塔楼建筑高度60%～70%的区域,受到高层建筑“下冲风”的影响,氯离子沉积速率会有所下降,出现相对低值。通过这个区域后,氯离子沉积速率又逐渐升高。结论 濒海大气氯离子沉积速率沿建筑物高度变化规律受到大气氯离子浓度、风向风速、温湿度和高层建筑气流的综合影响。     

上海市近16年湿沉降化学特征分析

对上海市1992-2007年湿沉降监测结果进行研究,16年来,上海市湿沉降主要呈现以下特征:pH总体呈现下降趋势,酸雨频率呈现上升趋势;2002年起升幅很大;硫酸根离子和钙离子浓度总体呈下降趋势,2003年后,各离子浓度都有一定程度下降;钙离子在总阳离子中的比例总体上明显下降,铵离子与总阳离子的百分比总体上呈上升趋势;硫酸根离子在总阴离子中的比例有所下降,硝酸根离子与总阴离子的百分比则一直呈上升趋势;硫酸根与硝酸根年均值的比值总体上呈明显的下降趋势,表明硫酸型在逐渐减弱;钙离子与铵离子的比值总体上也呈明显的下降趋势。     

河道泥沙淤积对洪灾风险评估的影响

建立了考虑泥沙淤积的洪灾风险估计的一般模式,并以螺山站为例,定量分析了泥沙淤积对洪水频率和洪灾风险的影响.结果表明,考虑泥沙淤积对水位频率会产生影响,在相同水位下,泥沙淤积会缩短洪水的重现期,水位越低,频率变化越大.对于相同频率的洪水,泥沙的淤积使水位抬升,且频率越小,水位变化越小.另外,泥沙淤积使洪灾风险增加,加重了洪灾的损失.螺山下游的洪灾风险率从6%增加到22.5%,水位超高期望值从0.114 m增加到0.233 m.