固定化细胞技术在废水处理中的应用

固定化（主要为固定化微生物）技术，由于降解效率高，抗逆性强等优点，在废水处理中应用广泛。按作用方式不同，固定化技术可分为4类，其中吸附法与包埋法应用较多。为提高机械强度与处理效率，包埋剂常与交联剂和吸附剂联用。结合90年代以来，固定化方法的研究成果和应用实例对化技术作了较全面的论述。     

大气中氯苯类化合物在常用吸附剂上的性能探讨

通过比对6种吸附剂对氯苯类化合物的吸附性能,同时考察不同废气温度、湿度条件下活性炭对氯苯类化合物的吸附-解吸性能,表明活性炭对氯苯类化合物的吸附性能及在二硫化碳介质中的解吸效能与标准规定的GDX系列无显著性差异。将活性炭管吸附采样用于监测某化工企业厂界无组织排放废气中的氯苯类化合物,结果 1,4-二氯苯和1,2,4,5-四氯苯检出。     

废水处理中的几种廉价吸附剂

介绍了废水处理中具有良好实际应用价值的几种性能良好的廉价吸附（粉煤灰、混炭和膨润土等），对它们的作用机理、处理效能及应用前景进行了分析。     

Similarities and differences in adsorption mechanism of dichlorvos and pymetrozine insecticides with coconut fiber biowaste sorbent

Abstract

In this study, the similarities and differences of the adsorption mechanisms between dichlorvos and pymetrozine and coconut fiber biowaste sorbent (CF-BWS) were investigated. CF-BWS was produced using the slow pyrolysis process at 600?°C for 4?h. HCl acid modification was used to improve the specific surface area. The properties of CF-BWS were analyzed by SEM, FT-IR, BET, and pHpzc. The adsorption kinetics of dichlorvos and pymetrozine on the CF-BWS were well explained by the pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption isotherms for both insecticides were followed the Langmuir isotherm. The difference in molecular structures and surface chemistry caused the difference in adsorption mechanisms of both insecticides. The pore-filling and the hydrophobic interactions were the key mechanisms for both insecticide adsorptions. However, the π–π electron donor–acceptor interaction played the major role in the pymetrozine adsorption but hardly impacted on the adsorption of dichlorvos. The hydrogen bonding mechanism was pronounced in the pymetrozine adsorption, but it had little influence on the dichlorvos adsorption. The CF-BWS is exhibited as an excellent material for the removal of both pollutants and has high potential to be used further as the adsorbent in water treatment process.     

凹凸棒土的改性研究

通过比表面测定，扫描电镜，Ｘ射线能谱元素测定等，探讨了凹凸棒土的结构与改性机理。研究结果表明：高温焙烧法活化凹凸棒土比酸或盐改性处理效果好，用４２０℃焙烧２ｈ的凹凸棒土处理化废水，ＣＯＤ去除率可达７５％，脱色率达９７％。     

附载型吸附剂对煤油中硫醇类硫的吸附特性

利用浸渍-焙烧法制备的载有铜、铅或锰的附载型吸附剂吸附煤油中的硫醇类硫,脱硫醇效果显著。制备的各种吸附剂吸附硫醇类硫的过程中的液膜扩散,颗粒内部的扩散性存在差异。等温吸附曲线显示载铜氧化铝吸附剂对硫醇的吸附遵从Langmuir方程,载铅氧化铝吸附剂对硫醇的吸附可用Freundlich方程拟合。流量为每小时1个床体积的固体床动态吸附结果表明,载铅氧化铝吸附剂吸附过程到达穿透点(硫醇类硫浓度为2.55mg/L)的连续过液量为97个床体积。     

吸附法处理模拟含磷废水

以天然沸石、膨润土为基材,经镁、铝等处理并活化而得的FMA、BMA吸附剂,对磷有较高的吸附能力,其动态吸附容量大于17mg·g~(-1),磷的去除率都在95%以上,吸附后的FMA可用Na_2CO_3、NaOH(5%)洗脱,洗脱率达100%,吸附后的BMA可用Al_2(SO_4)_3(10%)洗脱,洗脱率达81.8%     

Carbon dioxide adsorption behaviors of aluminum-pillared montmorillonite-supported alkaline earth metals

The Al-pillared montmorillonite-supported alkaline earth metal 5M/Al-PILC(PILC = pillared clay, M = Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba) and x Mg/Al-PILC( x = 1, 3, 5, and 7 wt.%) samples were prepared using an impregnation method. Physical properties of the materials were determined by means of X-ray diffraction(XRD) and N₂ adsorption-desorption, and their CO₂ adsorption behaviors were investigated using the thermogravimetric analyzer(TG), CO₂ temperatureprogrammed desorption(CO...     

Removal of PCDD/Fs from contaminated sediment and released effluent gas by charcoal in a proposed cost-effective thermal treatment process

A novel cost-effective thermal treatment technology has been proposed for the removal of PCDD/Fs from contaminated sediment and released effluent gas using charcoal as both an adsorbent and a thermal source. When a reactor was used for thermal treatment, the PCDD/Fs removal efficiency exceeded 98% from the sediment at the three different air superficial velocities employed in this study. The total PCDD/F international toxic equivalent (I-TEQ) contents, both in the treated sediments and effluent gas, were below the Japanese emission standard limit. Analysis of the PCDD/F contents in different fractions showed that large quantities of PCDDs but not PCDFs were evaporated from the sediment and adsorbed in the moist sediment column. This difference was attributed to the formation of PCDDs from pentachlorophenol (PCP) during the cooling process following the thermal treatment process in the reactor. This proposed thermal process provides a promising alternative to the conventional methods.     

凹凸棒土--粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂的制备及改性

研究了凹凸棒土—粉煤灰颗粒吸附剂的制备方法并对其进行再生和改性，利用比表面积测定、X射线能谱等手段对所制吸附剂进行了表征。结果表明：制备颗粒吸附剂的优化条件为凹凸棒土：粉煤灰=100：40(质量比)，比表面积的值为80．06m^2／g。该吸附剂可采用1mol/L磷酸进行改性，改性后的比表面积为155．6m^2／g。