航空遥感地震灾害信息的快速提取

航空遥感地震灾害信息的快速提取是地震灾害损失快速评估的关键技术。遥感与地理信息系统的结合应用使得震害调查快速而又正确。本文重点论述了震害地类的特性与建立解译模型的原则、方法与不同种类信息源所采用的二套技术方案,并比较分析了二套技术方案各自的优势,探讨地震灾害信息快速提取的技术方法。     

燃油锅炉房的灭火系统

根据燃料特性及工艺特点,阐述了蒸汽灭火系统、水喷雾灭火系统、干粉灭火系统和泡沫灭火系统在燃油锅炉房中的应用条件、主要设计参数及与通风排烟系统的关系。     

盐雾胁迫对榄仁幼苗生长及体内矿质元素分布的影响

在温室培养条件下,用叶片喷雾的方式对盐生植物榄仁（Terminalia catappa）的幼苗进行NaCl胁迫处理,研究了盐雾胁迫对其生长、5种矿质元素（Ca2＋、Mg2＋、Na＋、K＋、Cl-）和灰分在幼苗不同叶龄叶片和叶片各部分分布的影响,以探讨盐雾胁迫下的盐害机理,以此指导实际工作中盐害诊断与预防措施,为筛选耐盐树种建设沿海防护林提供依据。结果表明：盐雾胁迫下榄仁幼苗的叶、茎、根生长比对照组缓慢,K＋在各叶片分区的分布差别较小,Ca2＋、Mg2＋、灰分在叶片中心区分布较多,Na＋和Cl-均向叶缘集中,且Na＋和Cl-质量分数显著增加（P〈0-05）,可见盐雾胁迫下榄仁幼苗叶片盐分较易集中在叶尖、叶缘,这与叶片病斑多分布于叶尖、叶缘的症状相符。盐雾胁迫下榄仁幼苗叶片的灰分质量分数在叶片中心区分布最多,并呈现老叶〉成叶〉新叶,而且随胁迫时间增加呈升高趋势,叶片不同部位和不同叶龄的灰分质量分数都显著高于对照组（P〈0-05）,故盐雾胁迫促进植物体灰分积累。盐雾胁迫下榄仁幼苗的 K＋、Na＋、Cl-在新叶分布最多,Ca2＋在老叶分布最多,Mg2-在成熟叶分布最多,可见新叶对盐雾胁迫最敏感。不论是在叶片不同部分、不同叶龄的分布,还是在盐雾胁迫下5种矿质元素质量分数的变化上,榄仁幼苗体内的Na＋-Cl-存在极显著强正相关（P〈0.01）。     

湿法脱硫用大流量低背压喷嘴开发

在石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫吸收塔中,喷嘴性能直接影响到脱硫效率和运行成本。针对目前国产脱硫喷嘴能耗高的问题,基于质量及能量守恒方程,推导了螺旋喷嘴计算公式,并结合螺旋面设计方法开发出大流量低背压喷嘴。开发出的喷嘴运行压力小,可降低运行电耗;同时,可减少塔内布置的喷嘴数量,减少投资成本。     

半干半湿法烟气脱硫装置中喷雾增湿技术的研究

脱硫塔内喷雾增湿技术是影响燃煤锅炉半干半湿法烟气脱硫效果的一个重要环节。分析了供水量和压力的变化关系 ,通过对脱硫装置喷雾增湿技术的优化 ,实现对增湿系统高压水的压强的精确调节 ,控制脱硫塔内雾滴的颗粒直径在 80 μm左右 ,从而达到理想的增湿效果     

Utilizing vortex behaviour to minimize drift

Abstract

The ULV spray emitted from a TBM flying in a cross wind was mapped by a scanning lidar system. The fate of the spray cloud for 2 min after release from the aircraft was followed as the material was transported downwind of the flight line. Vertical scans at 6 s intervals with 1 m^‐3 resolution provided detailed insight into the entrainment of the spray into the wing‐tip vortices and ultimate release to drift or deposit. Relative concentration, dosage and deposit profiles are presented for this cross‐wind case. Vortex lifetimes were found to be significantly different for the up‐wind and downwind vortices. The majority of the near field deposit was associated with the up‐wind vortex while the drift was linked to the down‐wind vortex.     

Pesticide distribution in an agricultural environment in Argentina

An assessment of the off-site migration of pesticides from agricultural activity into the environment in the Neuquen River Valley was performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the distribution of pesticides in several compartments of a small agricultural sub-catchment. Soil, surface water, shallow groundwater and drift deposition were analyzed for pesticide residues. Results showed the presence of some pesticide residues in soil, surface water and shallow groundwater compartments. The highest detection frequencies in water (surface and subsurface) were found for azinphos-methyl and chlorpyrifos (>70%). In terms of concentration, the highest levels were observed in shallow groundwater for azinphos methyl (22.5 μg/L) and carbaryl (45.7 μg/L). In the soil, even before the application period had started, accumulation of residues was present. These residues increased during the period studied. Spray drift during pesticide application was found to be a significant pathway for the migration of pesticide residues in surface water, while leaching and preferential flows were the main transport routes contributing to subsurface contamination.     

Foliar and ground deposits of fenitrothion following aerial application over a plantation forest

Abstract

Spray deposits were measured on spruce foliage at tree canopy level and on glass plates at ground level, after aerial application of an emulsion formulation of fenitrothion at the rate of 0.21 kg AI in 1.46 L per ha over a 16 ha plot in a plantation forest. Fenitrothion deposits were quantified by gas‐liquid chromatography. A wide variation was observed in deposits on foliage and at the forest floor. Deposits were relatively higher on foliar samples collected from the upwind side of a tree canopy than those on the downwind side. Similarly, the glass plate placed under a tree on the upwind side received relatively higher deposit than the one on the downwind side. However, the glass plates placed in the adjacent forest openings collected markedly higher deposits. Results clearly indicate filtration of the spray droplets by canopy foliage. Assessment of the average deposit of fenitrothion at ground level (mean deposit from all sampling locations) indicated that ca. 19.4% of the applied material reached the forest floor. Within a sampling station, correlation was poor between foliar depsits and those on glass plates under the same trees or in nearby clearings. Analysis of fenitrothion deposits on foliage collected at 1 and 2 h after application indicated that the droplets took, more than 1 h for deposition on the tree canopy. On the other hand, deposition on the glass plates at ground level appeared to be practically complete within 1 h post‐treatment. This was attributed to the higher sedimentation velocities of the larger droplets which tend to travel faster to the floor level than the smaller droplets which float for a longer period near the tree canopy.     

600 t/d新型污泥喷雾干化-焚烧 示范工程污染物去除效果

新型污泥喷雾干化-回转窑焚烧工艺是将脱水污泥通过雾化喷嘴形成滴雾后与高温烟气并流接触达到干化后再进行焚烧的集成技术.干化过程中湿污泥中有机物的挥发及该新型工艺的运行工况和污染物减排效果成为污泥处理处置领域关注的焦点.在对污泥喷雾干化焚烧工艺原理分析基础之上,对我国600 t/d新型污泥喷雾干化焚烧示范项目进行封闭式现场取样监测,通过成分分析、毒性监测等重点对污染物去除效果进行了研究,结果表明,该工艺通过自动控制可将出口烟气温度和干化污泥温度保持较稳定的状态,分别为(96±10)℃和(72±8)℃;喷雾干化塔内不存在粉尘爆炸危险,TVOC＜0.025 mg/m3;直接干化热利用率＞80％,优于间接干化;烟气排放口各指标均满足《生活垃圾焚烧污染控制标准》(GB18485-2001)的要求.     

气液两相旋流喷嘴雾化特性

为提高烟尘净化用喷嘴的雾化性能,提出一种气液两相旋流喷嘴,用CFX软件对该喷嘴内部流场模拟的结果表明,强烈的气旋作用使液流呈环状,使气液混合流在达到喷嘴末端时易于破碎成雾。在实验室条件下,利用Winner313型喷雾激光粒度分析仪对喷嘴进行了雾化粒度测定,分析发现雾滴中位径与气液比的关系呈幂函数衰减,这一规律将有助于在工程应用时确定喷嘴工况。