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101.
目前,排污权有偿使用和交易作为各地环保工作体制、机制创新的热点,是利用经济手段促进环境保护的有益尝试。本文从指标来源、指标使用期限、与污染减排的关系、技术支撑以及指标交易后续监管五个方面分析了排污权交易指标关联要素,得出交易指标与国家政策、污染减排以及环境监管密切相关的结论,从完善国家政策、强化与污染减排衔接和突出指标后续监管三个方面提出了相应的对策建议。 相似文献
102.
主要污染物减排是实现代价小、效益好、排放低、可持续环保新道路的主要抓手。"十二五"期间主要污染物减排因子增加,减排削减的范围覆盖面更广,减排难度也明显加大。在工程减排空间和潜力相对减少时,更加突出结构减排。创新机制体制,完善制度减排,保障减排实施是环保部门管理减排工作的重点。因此,通过源头防控、设施监管、考核革新、提升能力、以奖代补、落后产能退出、减排约谈、动态预警和领导蹲点等措施是提升管理减排效益的关键。 相似文献
103.
文章以榆林能源化工基地代表性的支柱产业为例,开展依靠科技进步提升清洁生产水平的节能减排潜力分析。分析结果表明,至"十二五"末期榆林能源化工基地的支柱产业分别将清洁生产水平提高至一级或二级,可减少的二氧化硫排放量是3 451.8吨/年和1 094.3吨/年,氮氧化物排放量是5 333.5吨/年和1 962.5吨/年。 相似文献
104.
为了研究回流对陈垃圾反应器处理老年渗滤液污染物的影响,构建了回流的陈垃圾生物反应器,试验了不同温度、负荷和回流比条件下反应器对污染物的去除效果。结果表明,在较低水力负荷12.8~25.5 L/(d.m2)的情况下,陈垃圾反应器对NH3-N、BOD5和COD等污染物的去除率分别达到90%、95%和70%以上。在不同温度下提高水力负荷,回流会抑制氨氮和COD的去除,但可显著提高TN的去除率,表明回流可作为提高老年渗滤液TN去除率的途径之一。利用氮同位素示踪技术发现反应器中有Anammox脱氮途径存在。但是可利用碳源的缺乏仍是提高老年渗滤液脱氮效率的限制因子。 相似文献
105.
106.
基于水资源合理配置的河流“双总量”控制研究——以河北省唐山市为例 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
河道的最小控制流量和最大纳污控制量(简称“双总量”)是维系河流健康的决定性因子。论文初步建立了基于水资源合理配置的河流“双总量”控制研究技术框架,并对唐山市月尺度的“双总量”控制指标进行核算。通过水资源合理配置,除个别枯水年份和连续枯水年份外,唐山市河道的最小控制流量均可得到满足。在基准年、2010年和2020年3个规划水平年,唐山市规划河流COD的最大纳污控制量分别为16357.57、12659.19和11572.50t/a;NH3-N的最大纳污控制量分别为907.80、660.27和580.09t/a。在统一水资源配置平台上制定的“双总量”控制指标,从根本上保障了竞争用水条件下河流生态需水,客观确立了规划水平年河道纳污能力的年内分配,并整体上提高了河流的最大纳污能力。 相似文献
107.
The mechanism of flow turbulence,sediment supply conditions,and sediment transport patterns that affect the adsorption of cadmiumions onto sediment particles in natural waters are experimentally simulated and studied both in batch reactors and in a turbulencesimulation tank.By changing the agitation conditions,the sediment transport in batch reactors can be categorized into bottom sediment-dominated sediment and suspended sediment-dominated sediment.It is found that the adsorption rate of bottom sediment is much lessthan that of suspended sediment,but the sediment transport pattern does not affect the final(equilibrium)concentration of dissolvedcadmium.This result indicates that the parameters of an adsorption isotherm are the same regardless of the sediment transport pattern.Inthe turbulence simulation tank,the turbulence is generated by harmonic grid-stirred motions,and the turbulence intensity is quantifiedin terms of eddy diffusivity,which is equal to 9.84F(F is the harmonic vibration frequency)and is comparable to natural surfacewater conditions.When the turbulence intensity of flow is low and sediment particles stay as bottom sediment,the adsorption rateis significantly low,and the adsorption quantity compared with that of suspended sediment is negligible in the 6 h duration of theexperiment.This result greatly favors the simplification of the numerical modeling of heavy metal pollutant transformation in naturalrivers.When the turbulence intensity is high but bottom sediment persists,the rate and extent of descent of the dissolved cadmiumconcentration in the tank noticeably increase,and the time that is required to reach adsorption equilibrium also increases considerablydue to the continuous exchange that occurs between the suspended sediment and the bottom sediment.A comparison of the results ofthe experiments in the batch reactor and those in the turbulence simulation tank reveals that the adsorption ability of the sediment,andin particular the adsorption rate,is greatly over-estimated in the batch reactor. 相似文献
108.
Steven De Gryze Juhwan LeeStephen Ogle Keith PaustianJohan Six 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):150-158
We predicted changes in yields and direct net soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes from converting conventional to alternative management practices across one of the world's most productive agricultural regions, the Central Valley of California, using the DAYCENT model. Alternative practices included conservation tillage, winter cover cropping, manure application, a 25% reduction in N fertilizer input and combinations of these. Alternative practices were evaluated for all unique combinations of crop rotation, climate, and soil types for the period 1997-2006. The crops included were alfalfa, corn, cotton, melon, safflower, sunflower, tomato, and wheat. Our predictions indicate that, adopting alternative management practices would decrease yields up to 5%. Changes in modeled SOC and net soil GHG fluxes corresponded to values reported in the literature. Average potential reductions of net soil GHG fluxes with alternative practices ranged from −0.7 to −3.3 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 in the Sacramento Valley and −0.5 to −2.5 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1 for the San Joaquin Valley. While adopting a single alternative practice led to modest net soil GHG flux reductions (on average −1 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1), combining two or more of these practices led to greater decreases in net soil GHG fluxes of up to −3 Mg CO2-eq ha−1 yr−1. At the regional scale, the combination of winter cover cropping with manure application was particularly efficient in reducing GHG emissions. However, GHG mitigation potentials were mostly non-permanent because 60-80% of the decreases in net soil GHG fluxes were attributed to increases in SOC, except for the reduced fertilizer input practice, where reductions were mainly attributed to decreased N2O emissions. In conclusion, there are long-term GHG mitigation potentials within agriculture, but spatial and temporal aggregation will be necessary to reduce uncertainties around GHG emission reductions and the delivery risk of the associated C credits. 相似文献
109.
110.
A little known side effect of the atmospheric air pollution is the degradation of photovoltaic (PV) cells’ performance due to the deposition of solid particles varying in composition, size and origin. In this context, an experimental-based investigation is conducted in order to compare the energy performance of two identical pairs of PV-panels; the first being clean and the second being artificially polluted with ash, i.e. a by-product of incomplete hydrocarbons’ combustion mainly originating from thermal power stations and vehicular exhausts. A series of systematic measurements of current intensity, voltage output and solar radiation are executed simultaneously for the clean and the polluted PV-panel, so that the effect of several mass depositions on the PVs’ power output, energy yield and conversion efficiency may be determined. According to the results, a considerable deterioration of the PV-panels’ performance is obtained, i.e. almost 30% energy reduction per hour or 1.5% efficiency decrease (in absolute terms) for ash accumulation on the panels’ surface reaching up to 0.4 mg/cm2. 相似文献