大连湾陆源污染物排海总量控制信息系统概念设计

根据陆源污染物总量控制原理和沿海地区地方政府的经济条件，以大连湾为例，采用地理信息系统（ＧＩＳ）技术，设计了排放入海湾的陆源污染物总量控制信息系统的概念模型，涉及系统建设的原则，数据类型，软件，硬件，用户界面和功能。为我国海湾污染物控制工作提供经济实用，先进的管理方法。     

城市生活垃圾焚烧对大气的污染问题

本文对我国城市有机混合垃圾经模化后,在过剩空气系数α?2,温度在700～900℃条件下焚烧的气态排放物进行了定性和定量分析.实验结果表明:烟气呈碱性,主要污染物NH_2的排放浓度最高.HCl次之,NO_x<100ppm,SO_x<1ppm,H_2S<10ppm.     

毛细管色谱-多离子检测质谱法测定土壤中2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二噁(2,3,7,8-TCDD)

环境中的多氯二苯并二(口恶)(口英)(PCDD_s)和多氯二苯并呋喃(PCDF_s)是当今最受重视的污染物之一,其中PCDD_s有75个异构体而PCDF_s有135个异构体,它们的毒性大小显著地依赖于氯原子的取代数和取代位置,由于这类污染物的低溶解度和高的辛醇/水分配系数,主要分布在土壤(85％)和沉积物(14％)中,只有1％进入空气、水和生物体.在自然环境中这类污染物代谢降解速度缓慢,从而增加了环境污染的复杂性.而鉴别这类污染物就成为一个主要研究课题.     

Catalytic oxidation effect of MnSO4 on As(III) by air in alkaline solution

The catalytic oxidation effect of MnSO₄ on As(III) by air in an alkaline solution was investigated. According to the X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis results of the product, it was shown that the introduction of MnSO₄ in the form of solution would generate Na_0.55Mn₂O₄·1.5H₂O with strong catalytic oxidation ability in the aerobic alkaline solution, whereas the catalytic effect of the other product MnOOH is not satisfactory. Under the optimal reaction conditions of temperature 90°C, As/Mn molar ratio 12.74:1, air flow rate 1.0 L/min, and stirring speed 300 r/min, As(III) can be completely oxidized after 2 hr reaction. The excellent catalytic oxidation ability of MnSO₄ on As(III) was mainly attributed to the indirect oxidation of As(III) by the product Na_0.55Mn₂O₄·1.5H₂O. This study shows a convenient and efficient process for the oxidation of As(III) in alkali solutions, which has potential application value for the pre-oxidation of arsenic-containing solution or the detoxification of As(III).     

大气污染对城市能见度影响研究的理论与实践

首先从理论上探讨了颗粒物及气态污染物对能见度的影响．论述了城市大气光化学反应过程中的气粒转化过程。此外．选取4个气象参数：风速、气温、气压和相对湿度．及3个大气污染指标：SO2、NOx、PM10，与晴天水平能见度进行了相关分析．并建立回归方程。初步分析表明．城市能见度除受大气污染的影响外．还与湿度、风速．风向等气象条件及雾、降水、浮尘等天气有密切关系，它主要是大中小尺度天气和大气环境共同作用的结果．在一定条件下．它与PM10和SO2有较为明显的相关性。     

江西省主要城市空气质量预报研究

对建立江西省各主要城市的空气洁净指数及空气污染指数预报模式进行了探讨，并将试验期间预报结果和所属区域空气污染程度进行比较，结果表明，该模式用于各省各主要城市空气洁净指数及空气污染指数预报是可行的。     

A值法研究大气总量控制的环境质量达标保证率

在总量控制区用A值法实行总量控制后，总量控制区在符合污染物年允许排放总量限值时，污染物的日平均浓度和小时平均浓度不一定能达到国家或地区大气环境质量标准。为了反映总量控制区环境质量达标情况，本文提出了A值法研究大气总量控制的环境质量达标保证率的概念，通过总量控制A值法的基本原理，给出小时／日环境质量达标保征率的量化公式，经过分析得到；环境质量达标保证率与污染物种类有关，同一污染物的保证率与A值的年分布情况密切相关。同时利用长江下游某地的2000年气象资料分析该地区A值的变化趋势，求得该地区SO2和N02的小时保征率分别为97．4％、90.2％，日保征率分别为90.2％、79．5％。     

BUILDUP,WASHOFF, AND EVENT MEAN CONCENTRATIONS1

ABSTRACT: Most watershed water quality simulation models require the user to specify pollutant buildup and washoff rate parameters for pollutants, by land use. Buildup and washoff rates are difficult to measure directly, and only limited guidance and few observed data are available from the literature. Many studies, however, report storm event mean concentrations (EMCs). These EMCs must arise as a result of the buildup and washoff processes, but typically represent the net contribution from a variety of pervious and impervious surfaces. This paper explores the relationship between EMCs and buildup/washoff parameters. An assumption of the mathematical form of the buildup/washoff relationship gives an algebraic expression for the EMC consistent with model assumptions. This yields techniques to separate observed EMCs into contributions from different land uses and from pervious and impervious surfaces. Given this relationship, numerical optimization may be used to estimate site specific values of buildup and washoff parameters from observed storm EMCs for use in modeling. Use of this approach helps ensure that model parameters are consistent with observed data, providing a rational starting point for final model calibration. Several site examples demonstrate use of the method.     

利用地理信息系统(GIS)开发多功能空管系统

在航空运输中 ,飞行安全最为重要 ,空管指挥是保证飞行安全的重要手段。地理信息系统 (GIS)能够将空间位置和性质属性结合在一起 ,非常适合空管指挥中直观性、安全性方面的需要。笔者在研究开发多功能空管系统的基础上 ,讨论了对地形、地物、航道、空管区、禁飞区等进行数字化的方法 ,提出了系统开发的主要技术 ,介绍了多功能空管系统的显示、控制、示警、辅助决策、智能纠错等功能 ,指出了空管系统的发展方向