地下水曝气理论模型研究进展

地下水曝气(Air Sparging,AS)是修复饱和土壤及地下水有机污染的有效技术.AS多相流动过程中气液流动以及污染物传质过程的模型研究是AS技术的关键因素,详细介绍了近年来AS系统的理论模型方法及研究进展,并对其效果进行评价.     

自然水体中主要有毒有机物的研究进展

介绍了主要有毒有机物多环芳烃(PAHs)、多氯联苯(PCBs)、有机氯农药(OCPs)在环境中的危害及其来源,着重评述了近年来中国自然水体中和沉积物中该类污染物的研究进展,指出新的检测技术的开发、有毒有机物的生殖毒性和生态环境风险影响方法学的研究及污染区域污染控制、消减及修复是今后该领域的工作重点.     

Determinants of the Willingness-to-Participate in an Environmental Intervention in a Beirut Neighborhood

Participatory environmental management can empower communities and enhance the sustainability of environmental interventions. However, existing power structures and inequalities along class, gender, or ethnic lines could prevent part of the community from accessing the full benefits of the intervention. An analysis of determinants of the willingness-to-participate in an environmental intervention in a Beirut neighborhood is conducted. Socioeconomic, health-risk distribution, and perception of community efficacy are used as predictors. A randomly selected sample of residents was surveyed. Respondents were asked to specify the frequency with which they were willing to be involved in an intervention to address priority environmental problems in the neighborhood. Bivariate and multivariate ordinal regression analyses were conducted. Tests of significance were based on the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the odds ratio (OR). Males versus females (OR = 4.89, P < 0.001), respiratory patients versus nonsufferers (OR = 5.65, P < 0.001), tenants versus house owners (OR = 2.98, P < 0.01), and the less educated versus the more educated (OR = 2.42, P < 0.05) were significantly more likely to be willing to participate. The reluctance of female community members to participate might be a major hindrance to community-based environmental protection and special strategies must be devised to overcome it. On the other hand, respondents suffering from an illness perceived to be related to environmental toxins are likely to be strong participants in environmental conservation efforts. Finally, the study yielded no evidence that belief or lack of it in the efficacy of community action is a good predictor of the willingness-to-participate in such action.     

Assessment of New Vehicles Emissions Certification Standards in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City

Light duty gasoline vehicles account for most of CO hydrocarbons and NOx emissions at the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City (MAMC). In order to ameliorate air pollution from the beginning of 2001, Tier 1 emission standards became mandatory for all new model year sold in the country. Car manufacturers in Mexico do not guarantee the performance of their exhaust emissions systems for a given mileage. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the Tier 1 vehicles will stand the certification values for at least 162000 km with the regular fuel available at the MAMC. Mileage accumulation and deterioration show that certified carbon monoxide emissions will stand for the useful life of the vehicles but in the case of non-methane hydrocarbons will be shorter by 40%, and nitrogen oxides emissions above the standard will be reached at one third of the accumulated kilometers. The effect of gasoline sulfur content, on the current in use Tier 1 vehicles of the MAMC and the impact on the emissions inventory in year 2010 showed that 31000 extra tons of NOx could be added to the inventory caused by the failure of the vehicles to control this pollutant at the useful life of vehicles.     

氯苯驯化活性污泥对同类有机物的好氧降解性比较研究

利用测定微生物呼吸耗氧量的方法,对氯苯类中的５种优先污染物：氯苯,邻,间,对－二氯苯１,２,４－三氯苯,用接种活性污泥和经氯苯驯化的污泥地它们的生物降解性能进行了测试。实验结果表明,用未经驯化的污泥,５种氯苯皆存在的抑制作用,抑制作用的大小和抑制时间的长短氯代程度和浓度的影响,用氯苯将此污泥驯化后,该污染不仅表现出对苯具有降解能力,而且也表现出邻二氯苯,间二氯苯等同类有机物的共代谢降解能力,经分析     

城市水污染物排放总量核定方法的研究

排污总量管理的首要任务是确定区域污染物排放总量。针对我国的水污染监测管理系统的现状,本文提出了一种“系统特征值核定排污总量方法”。该法以城市或城市某排污区的排污干管（或河道）输出的污染物总量实测值为基本依据,对各种排污总量的申报统计值进行正误的识别、校核与调整,汇总综合评价结果,核定排污总量及各个分量。该方法既使核定的排污总量增加科学性和准确性,又减少了核定的工作量;即使缺乏排污申报数据,也能迅速可靠地掌握城市的排污总量。该方法的有效性已在济南市应用中得到证实     

大气环境质量预测模型研究

为适应青岛和贵阳地区地形和大气流场复杂的特点,吸收高斯烟云模式和烟团模式的优点,建立高斯轨迹烟云模式,模式同时考虑静风条件下的扩散。应用青岛和贵阳的实测数据对模式的性能进行检验,结果证明,该模式可适用于地形和流场复杂的地区。该模式是环境决策支持系统的一部分。      

硫酸生产中污染物的综合治理研究

采用硫铁矿焙烧废渣制取纯度95％以上的硫酸亚铁,并利用硫酸亚铁净化低浓度二氧化硫制酸尾气和高砷烟气洗涤废水,结果表明,处理后的制酸尾气中SO2含量低于500ppm,且含有硫酸亚铁的吸收液中硫酸浓度达10％～20％;处理后的含砷废水,砷含量低于0.5mg/L;用此综合治理方法可得多种副产品,为企业创造一定的经济效益;为以硫铁矿为原料的硫酸厂综合治理生产中的污染物提供了可行的途径。     

我国大气环境标准体系的研究

针对我国大气环境管理的发展及实际情况,运用系统分析及目标规划的方法,设计了大气环境标准体系。大气标准体系包括基础标准、大气环境质量标准、排放标准、方法标准、样品标准、燃料使用标准、产品设备大气环保标准、环保行业大气环境保护标准。同时,在大气标准体系中将总量控制思想引入大气污染物排放标准的规定,提出按大气污染物的特征,分3种类型制定大气污染物排放标准等。     

大气排污交易政策实施的技术原则

排污交易政策由泡泡政策、补偿政策、净得政策及排污量存储政策组成。现阶段我国实施大气排污交易政策主要在同一厂区“以新带老”、排污补偿及可用购买盈余排污量来达到排放标准三方面进行;还论述了排污交易量、排污交易费用确定的原则。