秦皇岛市空气质量现状及预测

依据秦皇岛市５年的空气监测资料，对该市环境空气质量的现状进行了分析，并采用不同方法对该市空气环境污染物进行了预测     

Pollution prevention at ports: clearing the air

Seaports are major hubs of economic activity and of environmental pollution in coastal urban areas. Due to increasing global trade, transport of goods through ports has been steadily increasing and will likely continue to increase in the future. Evaluating air pollution impacts of ports requires consideration of numerous sources, including marine vessels, trucks, locomotives, and off-road equipment used for moving cargo. The air quality impacts of ports are significant, with particularly large emissions of diesel exhaust, particulate matter, and nitrogen oxides. The health effects of these air pollutants to residents of local communities include asthma, other respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease, lung cancer, and premature mortality. In children, there are links with asthma, bronchitis, missed school days, and emergency room visits. The significance of these environmental health impacts requires aggressive efforts to mitigate the problem. Approaches to mitigation encompass a range of possibilities from currently available, low-cost approaches, to more significant investments for cleaner air. Examples of the former include restrictions on truck idling and the use of low-sulfur diesel fuel; the latter includes shore-side power for docked ships, and alternative fuels. A precautionary approach to port-related air pollution would encourage local production of goods in order to reduce marine traffic, greener design for new terminals, and state-of-the art approaches to emissions-control that have been successfully demonstrated at ports throughout the world.     

Distribution of airborne particles from multi-emission source

The purpose of this work was to study the distribution of airborne particles in the surroundings of an iron and steel factory in southern Finland. Several sources of particulate emissions are lying side by side, causing heavy dust loading to the environment. This complicated multi-pollutant situation was studied mainly by SEM/EDX methodology.Particles accumulated on Scots pine bark were identified andquantitatively measured according to their element content,size and shape. As a result, distribution maps of particulateelements were drawn and the amount of different particle typesalong the study lines was plotted. Particulate emissions fromthe industrial or energy production processes were not themain dust source. Most emissions were produced from theclinker crusher. Numerous stockpiles of the industrial wastesand raw materials also gave rise to particulate emissions as aresult of wind erosion. It was concluded that SEM/EDXmethodology is a useful tool for studying the distribution ofparticulate pollutants.     

辽河流域浑河沈阳段地表水重点控制有机污染物的筛选

采用美国环保局工业环境实验室提出的化学物质的“潜在危害指数法”,对辽河流域浑河沈阳段地表水和底质中检出的有机污染物的潜在危害进行了排序,参考国内外有毒化学品优先控制名单的筛选原则和方法,结合本流域的实际情况,制定出重点控制有机污染物的评分标准,提出辽河流域浑河沈阳段重点控制有机污染物名单。考虑到个别有机污染物在水中的浓度很低,但在底质中相对含量较高,所以将底质的检测结果也纳入评分标准。     

工作场所空气中硫酸雾（SO3）的分析

采用碘量法测定工作场所空气中的三氧化硫及硫酸雾，三氧化硫及硫酸雾经中性水吸收后与碘化钾和碘酸钾反应，析出的碘与淀粉指示剂作用产生蓝色，进行比色测定。     

空气质量自动监测校准系统中存在的问题及解决办法

针对目前国内环境空气质量自动监测(干法)校准系统中存在的一些问题,提出相应的解决办法。     

唐山市空气中SO2与TSP污染状况分析

分析了唐山市从1988年至1992年大气中SO2和TSP的污染状况和变化规律，取得对该市环境管理的科学依据。     

浑河沈阳段地表水有机污染物对水环境影响的安全性评估

用GB 3838-2002《地表水质量标准》和美国EPA推荐的“地面水质量标准”对浑河沈阳段地表水中的有机污染状况进行了安全性评估。用两种不同的方法评估,结果虽然有所差别,但结论是一致的,即浑河沈阳段地表水有机污染物十分严重,已经对人体健康和生态环境安全构成危害。     

和田绿洲沙尘暴物质输送路径及其对大气环境质量的影响

为了研究来自不同方向的沙尘暴对和田绿洲大气环境质量的影响，本文利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模型和NCEP的GDAS全球气象要素数据，将和田绿洲西北部的墨玉县城作为模拟受点（37.26°N，79.72°E），计算2016年1月1日—2018年12月31日发生的每一次沙尘天气期间逐日18：00（世界时）36 h后向气流轨迹，轨迹计算起始高度设置为500 m，并结合相应的PM_2.5、PM₁₀、SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃浓度监测数据进行聚类分析，研究抵达该地区的沙尘暴的主要移动轨迹和污染物输送路径.同时，运用潜在源贡献因子分析法（PSCF）和权重污染轨迹分析法，分析了沙尘暴期间不同气流轨迹对墨玉县污染物浓度的影响，识别大气污染物的潜在源区，揭示不同源区对污染物浓度的贡献差异.结果表明，影响和田绿洲（墨玉县）的沙尘暴主要来自西北（WN）、北（N）、东北（EN）和东（E）4个方向；其中，来自东部的沙尘天气频率最高（60.2%），但主要以浮尘天气为主；扬沙和强沙尘暴主要来自西部方向，54.48%的强沙尘暴和38.53%的扬沙来自西和西北方向.不同沙尘源区和不同传输路径上的沙尘气溶胶对和田绿洲大气环境的影响不一样.沙尘天气期间，大气PM_2.5和PM₁₀的平均浓度相当于无沙尘天气期间的3~5倍，但对SO₂、NO₂、CO、O₃质量浓度的影响不大；由西向东和由北向南的沙尘暴对墨玉县PM_2.5和PM₁₀质量浓度的贡献率最大；由东向西的沙尘暴由于路过和田市和洛浦县等工业污染源区，此簇沙尘暴气团将该区域SO₂、NO₂、CO等污染颗粒携带到墨玉县，因此，东-东南（E-ES）方向的沙尘暴对SO₂、NO₂、CO的贡献率分别为15.56%、20.55%和21.57%.本文定量印证了沙尘暴对和田绿洲大气环境质量的影响，可为绿洲区沙尘暴研究提供参考.     

城市大气环境质量主要影响因素分析

采用灰色关联度分析方法，对影响城市大气环境质量的因素进行了相关分析，并对呈负相关关系的影响因素关联度计算采取了倒数化算子处理，使计算结果更切合实际。