我国空气自动监测系统的现状与发展趋势

结合四川省环境空气自动监测系统的运行,从运行管理模式方面探讨了我国空气自动监测系统的发展现状,以及通过国内外环境空气评价指标的比较,探讨了现阶段中国环境空气质量评价体系的不足以及增加空气污染指数分指标的必要性.     

“十二五”地表水国家环境监测网络吉林省水环境国控监测点位布设的构想

根据国家环境质量监测网络,对“十二五”地表水环境质量监测断面调整工作要求,吉林省在辖区内所有水环境质量监测断面及采样点基础上,完成了松花江流域和辽河流域国控监测断面的优化调整工作。在此过程中,如何从国家尺度上,既能充分反映吉林省水环境质量状况,又能满足国家对地表水环境管理需求进行了深入思考。本文以吉林省为例,在确定国控监测断面及采样点的布设中．提出了自己的构想和建议。     

东亚大气可吸入颗粒物时空分布的数值模拟研究

利用嵌套网格空气质量模式(Nested Air Quality Prediction Model System,NAQPMS)模拟研究了2010年东亚地区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的时空演变,并初步评估了其对人群健康的危险度.结果表明,NAQPMS模式能够合理地反映东亚地区PM10的时空分布,不同季节观测值和模拟值的总体相关系数达到0.65~0.85.2010年东亚PM10的地面浓度高值区(100μg·m-3)出现在我国华北、华中和内蒙古中西部等地区.其中,无机盐(硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐)对我国东部PM10的贡献最大(10~70μg·m-3,20%~50%);一次PM10次之(5~50μg·m-3,10%~30%),有机物(5~30μg·m-3,10%~20%)和黑炭(3~20μg·m-3,3%~5%)紧随其后.PM10可以引起我国东部人群急性总死亡率增加2%~5%,对我国居民的健康水平构成了一定威胁.     

基于相关性分析的PCBA热力学模型修正

目的精确且高效地对印制电路板组件热力学模型进行修正。方法采用基于拉丁超立方抽样试验设计和Speraman等级相关系数计算公式的相关性分析方法,找出电子产品热仿真试验中对元器件表面温度值影响较大的输入参数,然后进一步分析得出输入与输出之间的函数关系。在此基础上给出印制电路板组件(PCBA)热力学模型修正的一般方法流程。最后利用该方法对某航空电子产品中一块PCBA的热力学模型进行修正。结果修正结果较精确且只调用2次有限元软件。结论该热模型修正方法具有较高的精确性和高效性,可推广用于工程实践。     

克山县空气质量及变化趋势

通过对克山县2003—2012年的空气监测数据分析,二氧化硫和总悬浮物颗粒物呈下降趋势,氮氧化物和降尘浓度变化不大;尘类是影响环境质量的主要污染物,县区环境空气质量呈轻度污染,根据各年度的监测数据来看,环境空气质量逐年得到改善。     

沈阳地区冬季空气颗粒物输送路径及潜在源分析

文章利用2016～2017年冬季沈阳地区气象数据和环境空气污染物浓度数据,综合分析沈阳地区冬季环境空气污染特征,分析颗粒物输送路径以及潜在源区贡献情况.结果表明,沈阳地区冬季污染时段内PM2.5是主要污染物,PM2.5平均浓度达到149μg/m3,最大值达到273 μg/m3.沈阳地区环境空气颗粒物除来源于本地排放外,...     

Effect of housing geometry on the performance of Chemcatcher passive sampler for the monitoring of hydrophobic organic pollutants in water

Passive sampling of pollutants in water has been gaining acceptance for environmental monitoring. Previously, an integrative passive sampler (the Chemcatcher) was developed and calibrated for the measurement of time weighted average concentrations of hydrophobic pollutants in water. Effects of physicochemical properties and environmental variables (water temperature and turbulence) on kinetic and thermodynamic parameters characterising the exchange of analytes between the sampler and water have been published. In this study, the effect of modification in sampler housing geometry on these calibration parameters was studied. The results obtained for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons show that reducing the depth of the cavity in the sampler body geometry increased the exchange kinetics by approximately twofold, whilst having no effect on the correlation between the uptake and offload kinetics of analytes. The use of performance reference compounds thus avoids the need for extensive re-calibration when the sampler body geometry is modified.     

A directional passive air sampler for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass

A passive air sampler was developed for collecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in air mass from various directions. The airflow velocity within the sampler was assessed for its responses to ambient wind speed and direction. The sampler was examined for trapped particles, evaluated quantitatively for influence of airflow velocity and temperature on PAH uptake, examined for PAH uptake kinetics, calibrated against active sampling, and finally tested in the field. The airflow volume passing the sampler was linearly proportional to ambient wind speed and sensitive to wind direction. The uptake rate for an individual PAH was a function of airflow velocity, temperature and the octanol-air partitioning coefficient of the PAH. For all PAHs with more than two rings, the passive sampler operated in a linear uptake phase for three weeks. Different PAH concentrations were obtained in air masses from different directions in the field test.     

Modification of the biochemical pathways of plants induced by ozone: what are the varied routes to change?

When plants are observed under a low dose of ozone, some physiological and metabolic shifts occur. Barring extreme injury such as tissue damage or stomata closure, most of these disruptive changes are likely to have been initiated at the level of gene expression. The belief is oxidative products formed in ozone exposed leaves, e.g. hydrogen peroxide, are responsible for much of the biochemical adjustments. The first line of defense is a range of antioxidants, such as ascorbate and glutathione, but if this defense is overwhelmed, subsequent actions occur, similar to systemic acquired resistance or general wounding. Yet there are seemingly unrelated metabolic responses which are also triggered, such as early senescence. We discuss here the current understanding of gene control and signal transduction/control in order to increase our comprehension of how ozone alters the basic metabolism of plants and how plants counteract or cope with ozone.