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191.
192.
Effect of added carbon source and nitrate concentration on the denitrifying phosphorus removal by DPB sludge was systematically studied using batch experiments, at the same time the variation of ORP was investigated.Results showed that the denitrifying and phosphorus uptake rate in anoxic phase increased with the high initial anaerobic carbon source addition. However once the initial COD concentration reached a certain level, which was in excess to the PHB saturation of poly-P bacteria, residual COD carried over to anoxic phase inhibited the subsequent denitrifying phosphorus uptake. Simultaneously, phosphate uptake continued until all nitrate was removed, following a slow endogenous release of phosphate. High nitrate concentration in anoxic phase increased the initial denitrffying phosphorus rate. Once the nitrate was exhausted, phosphate uptake changed to release. Moreover, the time of this turning point occurred later with the higher nitrate addition. On the other hand, through on-line monitoring the variation of the ORP with different initial COD concentration, it was found ORP could be used as a control parameter for phosphorus release, but it is impossible to utilize ORP for controlling the denitrificaion and anoxic phosphorus uptake operations. 相似文献
193.
Zhang Yifei Lyu Min Yang Ping LaiDerrick Y.F. Tong Chuan Zhao Guanghui Li Ling Zhang Yuhan Hong Yang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(11)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from aquatic ecosystems are important components of the global carbon cycle, yet the CO2 emissions from coastal reservoirs, especially in developing countries where urbanization and rapid land use change occur, are still poorly understood. In this study, the spatiotemporal variations in CO2 concentrations and fluxes were investigated in Wenwusha Reservoir located in the southeast coast of China. Overall, the mean CO2 concentration and flux across the whole reservoir were 41.85 ± 2.03 µmol/L and 2.87 ± 0.29 mmol/m2/h, respectively, and the reservoir was a consistent net CO2 source over the entire year. The land use types and urbanization levels in the reservoir catchment significantly affected the input of exogenous carbon to water. The mean CO2 flux was much higher from waters adjacent to the urban land (5.05 ± 0.87 mmol/m2/hr) than other land use types. Sites with larger input of exogenous substance via sewage discharge and upstream runoff were often the hotspots of CO2 emission in the reservoir. Our results suggested that urbanization process, agricultural activities, and large input of exogenous carbon could result in large spatial heterogeneity of CO2 emissions and alter the CO2 biogeochemical cycling in coastal reservoirs. Further studies should characterize the diurnal variations, microbial mechanisms, and impact of meteorological conditions on reservoir CO2 emissions to expand our understanding of the carbon cycle in aquatic ecosystems. 相似文献
194.
195.
使用固相萃取-超高效液相色谱串联质谱法,测定广西3个污水处理厂(P1、P2、P3)中17种全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)。结果显示,共检测出10种PFASs,检出率为33.3%~100%。进、出水中PFASs质量浓度分别为32.0~86.4和23.0~39.6 ng/L。全氟丁烷磺酸(PFBA)、全氟戊酸(PFPeA)和全氟辛酸(PFOA)是进、出水中的主要污染物。厌氧-缺氧-好氧(AAO)工艺对PFASs的去除率为49.0%;改良型序批反应器(MSBR)工艺对PFASs的去除率为72.2%,氧化沟工艺对PFASs的去除率为25.0%。P1和P3进水中的PFASs主要来源于生活污水,P2进水中的PFASs来源包括生活污水和工业废水。P1出水中的全氟十二烷酸(PFDoDA)对纳污河流的鱼类和水蚤构成高生态风险,对藻类构成中等生态风险,P2和P3出水对纳污河流构成的生态风险较低。 相似文献
196.
为探究微污染水生态系统中细菌群落对人为干扰响应所依赖的生态机制,基于生态零模型(ecological null model),应用拟合分析(fitting analysis)研究了环境因子与金泽水库来水及库区不同区域间细菌群落构建过程的关系.结果表明,细菌群落在系统发育上的聚类比预期要分散得多(SES.MNTD的单样本t检验95%置信下限为9.79).温度是影响群落系统发育的重要因子.随机性过程(stochastic processes)和确定性过程(deterministic processes)在不同样品细菌群落演替中的相对重要性呈明显的季节性特征.春、夏和秋季样品细菌群落演替由随机性过程主导,冬季则由随机性过程和确定性过程共同主导.NH~+_4-N是影响随机性过程和确定性过程相对重要性的主要环境因子.NH~+_4-N浓度为0.06~0.40 mg·L~(-1)时,由随机性过程主导;NH~+_4-N浓度为0.40~0.80 mg·L~(-1)时,则由随机性过程和确定性过程共同主导.分散限制(61.68%)和异质选择(26.65%)在研究区域中不同采样点之间细菌群落变化中起到重要作用. 相似文献
197.
小流域农业面源氮污染时空特征及与土壤呼吸硝化关系分析 总被引:5,自引:9,他引:5
土壤呼吸与硝化特性是控制土壤生态系统中氮素转化和面源氮流失的关键因子,也是土壤氮循环的重要组成部分.选取位于巢湖北部的柘皋河流域作为案例研究区,应用BaPS技术测定林地和农田土壤呼吸、硝化和反硝化特性,运用SWAT模型分析农业面源氮污染输出的时空特征,并初步探讨土壤呼吸和硝化特性与农业面源氮污染的相互作用关系.结果表明,由于土地利用和施肥量的变化,1996~2012年间的年均和月均面源氮污染负荷明显大于1980~1995年间的模拟结果,不同月份的面源氮污染输出负荷均存在显著性差异,月均氮负荷受降雨量影响密切.1996~2012年流域面源总氮流失平均负荷为10.40 kg·hm-2,明显大于1980~1995年的8.10 kg·hm-2,方差分析表明两个时期面源总氮流失负荷的空间分布存在一定的差异.林地的呼吸速率远大于农田的呼吸速率.农田较高的总硝化速率和反硝化速率导致土壤氮库中的氮素减少,从而在一定程度上使得面源氮污染的输出负荷减小.农田土壤的总硝化速率大于反硝化速率,导致农田硝态氮的面源污染流失量增加,而有机氮的流失量有所减少.因此,土壤呼吸与硝化特性的研究有利于从土壤生物学角度深入分析土壤氮循环,对农业面源氮污染的防治具有重要的理论和现实意义. 相似文献
198.
降水与氮沉降变化对草地关键氮过程的影响研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究降水格局变化和氮沉降增加对草地氮循环关键过程的影响,探索不同氮循环过程对未来全球气候变化的叠加效应和适应特征,为最终调节氮素转化过程,提高草地氮素利用效率并降低其生态环境负效应提供科学依据.本文综述了不同水分、氮素以及水氮耦合作用分别对植物氮库、土壤氮库的影响,同时分析了在这些条件变化下可能存在的微生物和酶活性变化的驱动机制.在此基础上探讨了水、氮变化对草地氮循环关键过程影响的不确定性以及目前研究中存在的主要问题. 相似文献
199.
Kambiz Vaezzadeh Naderi Ciro Fernando Bustillo-Lecompte Mohammad Jafar Abdekhodaie 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2017,52(5):314-325
In this study, a three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design with response surface methodology were used to maximize the TOC removal and minimize the H2O2 residual in the effluent of the combined UV-C/H2O2-VUV system for the treatment of an actual slaughterhouse wastewater (SWW) collected from one of the meat processing plants in Ontario, Canada. The irradiation time and the initial concentrations of total organic carbon (TOCo) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2o) were the three predictors, as independent variables, studied in the design of experiments. The multiple response approach was used to obtain desirability response surfaces at the optimum factor settings. Subsequently, the optimum conditions to achieve the maximum percentage TOC removal of 46.19% and minimum H2O2 residual of 1.05% were TOCo of 213 mg L?1, H2O2o of 450 mg L?1, and irradiation time of 9 min. The attained optimal operating conditions were validated with a complementary test. Consequently, the TOC removal of 45.68% and H2O2 residual of 1.03% were achieved experimentally, confirming the statistical model reliability. Three individual processes, VUV alone, VUV/H2O2, and UV-C/H2O2, were also evaluated to compare their performance for the treatment of the actual SWW using the optimum parameters obtained in combined UV-C/H2O2-VUV processes. Results confirmed that an adequate combination of the UV-C/H2O2-VUV processes is essential for an optimized TOC removal and H2O2 residual. Finally, respirometry analyses were also performed to evaluate the biodegradability of the SWW and the BOD removal efficiency of the combined UV-C/H2O2-VUV processes. 相似文献
200.
废镉镍电池再资源化研究新进展 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
废镉镍电池再资源化研究具有重大的社会、环境及经济效益。火法及湿法再资源化技术各具特色。利用废镉镍电池制备M—Zn系软磁铁氧体材料是今后一个时期废镉镍电池再资源化的发展方向。 相似文献