水处理剂的绿色化及其在印染废水中的应用研究

印染废水存在污染重、处理难等污染特征,对水环境的生态安全造成严重影响和潜在威胁,使其成为污废水治理研究的重点领域.不同水处理剂的处理效果差异大,通过对比传统水处理剂与绿色水处理剂的技术参数,绿色水处理剂体现了处理高效、环境友好、功能多元的技术优势.同时对绿色水处理剂在印染废水处理中的应用状况进行了评价,分析了关于绿色水处理剂的研发、应用过程中的问题与不足,并对未来绿色水处理剂的研究发展方向进行了展望.     

Preparation and characterization of PVDF-glass fiber composite membrane reinforced by interfacial UV-grafting copolymerization

A novel inorganic–organic composite membrane,namely poly(vinylidene fluoride) PVDF-glass fiber(PGF) composite membrane,was prepared and reinforced by interfacial ultraviolet(UV)-grafting copolymerization to improve the interfacial bonding strength between the membrane layer and the glass fiber.The interfacial polymerization between inorganic–organic interfaces is a chemical cross-linking reaction that depends on the functionalized glass fiber with silane coupling(KH570) as the initiator and the polymer solution with acrylamide monomer(AM) as the grafting block.The Fourier transform infrared spectrometer-attenuated total reflectance(FTIR-ATR) spectra and the energy dispersive X-ray(EDX) pictures of the interface between the glass fiber and polymer matrix confirmed that the AM was grafted to the surface of the glass fiber fabric and that the grafting polymer was successfully embedded in the membrane matrix.The formation mechanisms,permeation,and anti-fouling performance of the PGF composite membrane were measured with different amounts of AM in the doping solutions.The results showed that the grafting composite membrane improved the interfacial bonding strength and permeability,and the peeling strength was improved by 32.6% for PGF composite membranes with an AM concentration at 2 wt.%.     

Removal of metal ions from the complexed solutions in fixed bed using a strong-acid ion exchange resin

Fixed bed removal of equimolar metal ions (Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Mn²⁺, Sr²⁺) from aqueous solutions using a strong-acid resin was examined. The solution contained a water-soluble complexing agent including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrilotriacetic acid, and citric acid. Experiments were performed under different solution pH and molar concentration ratios of complexing agent to the total metals. It was shown from batch studies that the equilibrium exchange of metals and the resin mainly depended on solution pH, and partly on the type of complexing agent used. A mass transfer model was proposed to describe the breakthrough curves of the resin bed, which contained two parameters (τ and k) estimated from the observed breakthrough data. The calculated breakthrough curves agreed well with the measured ones (standard deviation <6%). In fixed bed tests at low pH (=2), the type of complexing agent had little effect on the breakthrough data. For a given complexing agent, the metal with a larger overall formation constant (K_f) showed a smaller exchange capacity. For a given metal ion, the complexing agent with a larger K_f also revealed a smaller exchange capacity.     

活化剂联合植物移除污染土壤重金属的研究进展

土壤重金属活化移除技术作为一种快速有效的污染土壤治理技术,越来越受到重视。综述了近年来螯合剂、低分子有机酸、表面活性剂等不同活化剂对重金属的活化移除效果,包括活化剂对部分重金属形态变化的影响以及与植物联合修复的效果,并综合考虑其本身的生物降解性和生态毒性等优缺点,以期为研究重金属污染土壤修复技术提供参考。     

Analytical methods for the determination of 9 antifouling paint booster biocides in estuarine water samples

Analytical procedures for the determination of nine organic booster biocides which are currently licensed for use in marine antifouling paints, and are thought likely to occur at concentrations in the ng 1⁻¹ range in estuarine water samples, are reviewed. A robust multiresidue method for the determination of four compounds (chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, diuron and Irgarol 1051) is suggested. A route for the development of a method for the analysis of zinc pyrithione is outlined, based on an extraction method and subsequent derivatisation prior to determination by HPLC with fluorescence detection. Methodology for Zineb, Kathon 5287, TCMS pyridine and TCMTB is less clearly defined.     

滇池草海蓝藻清除应急药剂筛选现场试验研究

在滇池草海开展的蓝灌清除应急措施药剂筛选试验中，对国内外１４种药剂进行了试验研究，综合净水效果、安全性、经济性和可操作性等几方面因素，从中优选出３种微生物制剂、１种混凝剂和２种杀藻剂，为实施蓝灌清除应急措施提供了重要技术依据。     

染料废水脱色方法

染料污水中污染物主要来自一些成色物质，如活性黄、活性蓝、碱性紫、碱性蓝等，染料的可生化性一般都较差，并使污水呈现出一定的色度，影响了美观。本文就染料废水最新的一些脱色方法进行了探讨。     

化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用

论述了化学药剂抑尘方法的工业应用,大量的试验测试数据表明:该除尘方法投资省、运营费用低、除尘效果好、简单易操作。     

铁铝吸附剂对起爆药污染土壤中锑的稳定化研究

采用3种铁基吸附剂（FeSO₄•7H₂O、针铁矿、Fe⁰）和铝基吸附剂（Al（OH）₃）,对某起爆药污染场地土壤中锑（Sb）进行稳定化处理,通过等温吸附实验、批量浸出实验、比表面积测定以及BCR分析,研究了铁、铝单一和混合吸附剂的稳定化效果以及稳定化前后土壤比表面积及Sb形态的变化.结果表明：不同铁基吸附剂对Sb的等温吸附符合Freundlich模型,FeSO₄ （log K_f= 5.85）的吸附能力明显高于Fe⁰ （log K_f = 3.21）和针铁矿（log K_f = 4.32）;稳定时间为10d的条件下,不同铁基吸附剂对Sb的稳定化效率随添加量的增大而提高,且10%FeSO₄（97.1%） > 10% Fe⁰（72.3%） > 针铁矿（41.0%）;FeSO₄的添加明显促进了土壤中Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出,达到原土壤浸出浓度的1990.2、2.8倍和21.6倍,添加Al（OH）₃后能够显著降低Zn、Cu、Pb的浸出浓度,添加量为4%时,稳定化效率分别达到93.8%（Zn）、93.5%（Cu）和98.3%（Pb）;5%FeSO₄和4% Al（OH）₃混合吸附剂对Sb及Zn、Cu、Pb的综合稳定化效率最好,处理10d后稳定化效率最高可达94.6%、74.2%、82.2%和97.6%;进一步分析表明,混合吸附剂添加后比表面积能够达到原土壤的1.31~1.67倍,残渣态Sb比例增加0.037~0.197倍,与稳定化效果相一致,表明铁铝混合吸附剂是处理起爆药污染场地复合重金属污染土壤的有效途径.     

Reaction of ortho-methoxybenzoic acid with the water disinfecting agents ozone, chlorine and sodium hypochlorite

Ozone, chlorine and sodium hypochlorite are commonly used as disinfecting agents for drinking water production. The reaction pathways of ozonation and chlorination of o-methoxybenzoic acid in aqueous solution were studied using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that less than 1% of o-methoxybenzoic acid remains in reaction. The final major products using ozone oxidation are oxalic and glyoxalic acids. Phenols appear only at insufficient ozone levels. Sodium hypochlorite leads to higher levels of primary products. Molecular chlorine leads to the formation of higher amounts of polychlorinated derivatives. Model experiments allow to propose schemes of o-methoxybenzoic acid transformation under the conditions simulating water treatment processes.