蔗糖厂水污染分析、治理技术及应用浅谈

蔗糖厂生产废水污染较大需治理的是酒精废醪液、洗滤布水和水膜除尘废水。云南省内已有多种治理蔗糖厂生产废水的技术报导。本文介绍了将上述三股废水治理后蔗糖厂总排达标的实例。     

Psychological impact of amniocentesis on low-risk women

The study comprised 85 young (25–34 years old) women who underwent genetic amniocentesis, 80 comparable young women who had an ultrasoundscan at the same gestational age and 74 women (35–40 years old) who had amniocentesis. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Visual Analogue Scales concerning anxiety and worry were used on four occasions to evaluate psychological changes during pregnancy. The anxiety level in the younger women decreased after amniocentesis and a further decrease was observed after the results were communicated to them. However, similar changes were seen in the group of younger women after ultrasonography, and there was no difference in anxiety level between the two groups of younger women in the 16th or in the 35th week of pregnancy. Thus, in younger women at low genetic risk amniocentesis was neither anxiety-relieving, nor anxiety-creating. The level of anxiety before amniocentesis was not higher in the older than in the younger women having amniocentesis. However, in the younger women a significant decrease in anxiety was seen as soon as amniocentesis had been performed, while in the older women this decrease was delayed until after the results were known.     

异龙湖退田还湖及其对策

异龙湖退田还湖应按因地制宜、分期分类实施、适度退耕还湖、恢复湖滨带生态功能和生物多样性、提高湖泊调蓄能力的方针,从生态建设、移民安置、资金筹措等方面作好规划,并在流域的法规政策和具体管理方面采取相应措施。     

火山矿床研究的新进展(1987—1990)

1987-1990年四年中我国火山矿床研究中取得下列诸方面的成就:(1)玢岩铁矿的形成决定于基性-中基性并具有高碱低硅岩浆的演化,结晶分异时低氧逸度条件;从世界范围看,构造背景与板块俯冲带或缝合带(包括板内古缝合带)直接或间接有关;实验研究解决了几种特殊矿物组合如“膏包辉”组合等的物理化学条件问题。(2)随着中生代火山岩区金矿床的不断发现,对含矿主岩、基底及矿床类型与分布规律有了进一步的认识。(3)斑岩型矿床分布广泛,除Cu,Mo外,涉及Pb-Zn,Ag,Au,W及Sn矿床,并发现与国外层火山中心地区可以对比的上部为脉状矿下部为斑岩型铜矿的实例;(4)火山岩中铀矿床多形成于晚白垩世之后,受火山盆地攻破火山口构造的明显控制;(5)西北与西南海相火山岩区的块状硫化物矿床中,明确了黑矿型钢及多金属矿床和独立的金矿床的存在,在分类上除了Cu-,Cu-Zn-,Zn-Cu-Pb-及Zn-Pb-型之外,Cu-Pb型在国外很少有报导。(6)从成因或构造角度进行了火山岩区矿床成矿规律成分布规律的探索,注意到基底性质与基底构造的关系,对分布规律挺出了岩浆活动中心迁移造成的分布格局上的超覆和地区的剥蚀深度问题;(7)区分出非金属矿床的两个系列:次生石英岩系列及玻璃岩系列。通过这些研究,在火山岩中发现了一些新的远景区和新的矿床。     

汉江流域及丹江口库区水环境质量现状分析

江汉是南水北调中线工程的源头，文章对江汉流域丹江口库区水环境状况及中线工程动工之后可能出现的问题作了分析，提出了区域水环境的保护规划。     

淮河入海水道南泓生态工程规划研究

在“控制导流,清污两制”的战略指导下,借助淮河入海水道的水工设施,利用南泓作为三淮一洪地区城市污水的调度通道和生态处理场所,尾水最终入海。研究表明,南泓生态工程净化能力显著,基本不会对沿线环境卫生、地下水、下游地面水及海口生态构成影响,是淮阴市三淮一洪以至下游滨海、阜宁地区未来污水安全可靠的出路。     

Photocatalytic degradation of PCP-Na with TiO2 photocatalysis loaded with platinum

Titanium dioxide(TiO2) samples of different crystal forms were prepared by hydrolysis tetrbutyl titanate in various water to alkoxide ratios and sintering the hydrolysis product at different temperatures.The photocatalysts coated on hollow glass beads and loaded with platinum varying from 0.2% to 2.4% by weight.The photocatalytic degradation rate of sodium pentachlorophenolate (PCP-Na) depends on the preparing conditions such as:sintering temperatures,water to alkoxide ratios(R),platinum content and the size.The proper conditions of preparation photocatalysts are as follows:the ratio of tiO2:sodium silicate:hollow glass beads:platinum is 10:5:20:0.15(w/w),R is 100,sintering temperature is 650℃,and the size of hollow glass is 0.5-1mm.Under these conditions,the ratio between acatase and rutile of the photocatalyst is 2:1,and the photocatalytic activity is high.     

徐州市水资源利用和污染防治的配套政策与管理制度

徐州市是南水北调东线工程最重要的沿线城市之一。充分合理利用当地和调入的资源促进徐州市经济和社会发展,同时采取有效措施可靠地控制调水河道和区域内其它河道的水污染,不仅需要技术的支持,更需要配套环境政策和管理制度体系的支持。文中针对徐州市具体情况提出了需要研究的环境政策与管理制度内容和研究中要注意的一些问题。     

污泥脱水中PAC与PAM联合使用的试验研究

利用正交试验作单因素分析,对PAC与PAM的投加量、投加方式等因素对污泥脱水效果的影响进行了研究。结果表明:PAC,PAM用量分别为240mg·L-1,60mg·L-1,配制溶液的百分比例分别为4%,0.1%时,投加方式为先加PAC,搅拌后再加PAM,污泥脱水效果较好,形成的泥饼含固率达到22%,且药剂费比单独使用PAM经济。     

中国南方寒武—奥陶纪大陆斜坡的特征、演化和有关矿产

寒武—奥陶纪,中国南方发育着一个壮观的大陆斜坡。斜坡规模长约二干多公里、宽几十至几百公里,在其范围内,拥有各种各样的大中小型金属和非金属矿床,特别是磷、钒、钡、钼、镍、铜、金、银、锰、石煤和油气。据研究:该斜坡带有八大类沉积物类型即岩崩、滑移、滑塌沉积等和三种横向沉积模式,所谓缓坡、加积型边缘和跌积型边缘,还有四种垂向演化类型,即推进式、后退式、直立式、淹没式。斜坡带的生物群落属台地和盆地的混合型,或者互相渗透的过渡型,此外,尚有一些特有的生物种属和遗迹化石。该斜坡带有沉积单斜构造、重力滑动构造、同沉积断裂构造和隆起构造四种重要的构造形式。 寒武—奥陶纪华南不存在“江南古陆”,应为一长期持续下降的深水斜坡一陆隆环境。华南古大陆边缘曾经历了裂谷作用(?—Z_1)、被动大陆边缘(Z_2—O_1)和闭合造山(O_2—S)三个阶段。作者对斜坡带中的沉积磷矿、重品石矿、石煤矿、锰矿、金银矿化层及油气资源进行了分析和探讨,指出华南古大陆斜坡带是十分有利的成矿域。