云南森林生态功能区农户生态补偿支付意愿(WTP)影响因素及差异性分析

生态补偿是协调经济与资源环境和谐发展,化解生态环境与经济增长矛盾的有效手段,对推进生态文明建设意义深远。基于云南省5个州市农户调查数据,运用二元Probit模型,分析了云南森林生态功能区农户生态补偿支付意愿的关键影响因素及其差异性。研究表明:大部分农户愿意为生态补偿付费,影响其支付意愿的主要因素是性别、年龄、是否兼业、家庭人口数、非农收入比重、生态补偿重要性认知、森林经济效益是否比生态效益重要、生态环境满意度、政府是否对生态环境保护宣传、政策执行信任度以及信息获取难易程度;其中年龄、家庭农业劳动力人数和信息获取难易程度对专业户支付意愿有重要影响,而家庭人口数、非农收入比重以及获得政府补偿的情况对兼业户支付意愿有重要影响;是否兼业、非农收入比重、对生态补偿了解程度以及信息获取难易程度对传统散户支付意愿影响较大;对政策执行的信任程度和产业发展程度对种植大户支付意愿有重要影响。基于此,提出了完善政府农村就业服务职能,鼓励农户非农就业、创业;完善生态功能区环境教育体系和宣传制度建设,强化农户环保意识;强化政府职责及其政策推广、执行力度,构建综合、完善的生态补偿宣传媒介;制定并实施差异化的生态补偿措施等具体对策建议。     

‘Power with’ and ‘power to’ in environmental politics and the transition to sustainability

Scholars of environmental politics demand serious reform of international governance and institutions to protect planet Earth. There is therefore an urgent need to discuss what causes change and gridlock in environmental politics. Serious reform is inextricably tied up with questions of power. The diversity with which studies on environmental politics understand power is exposed through three ideal type concepts: power with (learning and cooperation), power to (resistance and empowerment) and power over (coercion and manipulation). So far, scholars have mainly used analysis of coercive power (over) to explain gridlock in environmental politics; also needed is explicit acknowledgement of coaction and individual agency that can enable transition to more sustainable societies.     

Social influences on expressed willingness to pay: results of a deliberative monetary valuation study in Colombia

Deliberative monetary valuation (DMV) methods can support environmental decision making by enabling the exchange of arguments and information to produce more democratic outcomes. The product of a valuation may be an array of expressions of willingness to pay (WTP) by individuals or a collectively agreed monetary value. Concerns have been raised, however, as to whether this product is an outcome of thoughtful and independent decision-making or influenced by social pressures to conform. Our study examines this issue and addresses concerns about the use of DMV, based on a public deliberation of forest conservation in Colombia. We analyzed the impacts of social conformity on WTP under two different decision scenarios: individual and collective. The results suggest that the impacts of social conformity are greater when a collective decision is required. These findings indicate that tensions between the differing goals of DMV could undermine its democratic promise.     

危险废物浸出毒性试验方法的研究

在分析各国危险废物浸出毒性试验方法的基础上,综合考虑我国气候状况(降雨量、酸雨现状)及工业固体废物处理处置现状,提出我国危险废物浸出毒性研究的技术路线为:通过模拟工业固体废物填埋场在不规范填埋处置且受酸雨影响条件下,有毒物质浸出向地下渗滤造成对地下水的污染,确定浸出毒性的浸取方法.浸出毒性保护目标为地下水,同时还介绍了主要技术参数液固比、浸取剂pH值和类型的确定方法.     

江苏省国家重点监控企业不达标原因及对策

统计了2014年以来江苏省国控企业不达标情况。从企业和环境保护部门两方面对国控企业不达标原因进行了分析。指出,企业应承担起污染治理的主体责任,健全企业环境保护制度;加强污染治理技术的研发及提高运维管理队伍的专业化水平,以适应新环保法的要求;环境监管部门强化执法宣传及违法行为的查处力度,让企业主动守法;加强国控企业环境信息的公开及宣传力度,形成良好的社会公众监督氛围;省级人民政府应积极落实国家生态文明建设的总规划,开启新的里程碑。     

New parameterization scheme for effective indices for emissions from road transport

The local to regional processes of chemical transformations, washout and dry deposition cannot be directly resolved in global scale models, they rather need to be parameterized. A suitable way to account for the non-linearity, e.g., in chemical transformation processes, is the use of effective emission indices (EEIs). EEI translate the actual (small scale) emissions into input for global scale models, partially accounting for unresolved processes occurring shortly after the release of the emissions.The emissions from the road traffic have some specifics, because of which the concept of deriving EEI from the interaction of an instantaneous plume with the ambient air is perhaps not so convenient. A new parameterization scheme for the EEI from the road transport is suggested in the present paper, based on few simplifying assumptions and introducing the adjoin equations approach, which makes it possible to achieve unified, not depending on the specific emission pattern, procedure for calculating the EEI from road traffic.     

沉积物污染特征分析的未确知聚类-对应分析模型

针对现有未确知聚类的不足,将聚类有效性函数引入聚类算法中,通过与对应分析方法的综合集成,建立了未确知聚类-对应分析(UC-CFA)模型,并以加速遗传算法优化计算最佳聚类数目、聚类中心以及聚类点(包括污染指标和采样点)隶属于聚类中心的隶属度. 以安徽巢湖塘西河口湿地为研究对象,采用UC-CFA模型对沉积物污染特征进行聚类分析,将所有聚类点划分为4类,即Cd-有机质联合污染区,高磷污染区,Cu-Zn-Pb-Cr复合污染区以及高氮污染区等. 实例研究表明,对于沉积物污染特征分析,UC-CFA模型具有适用性.      

A model for ecological assessment to pesticide pollution management

Applying the relational analysis in the Grey System Theory and Method, the comprehensive evaluation on five pesticide pollution controlling techniques in the vegetable production has been made and a comprehensive profit (cp–comprehensive cost (cc) evaluation system (composed of 15 comprehensive cost indices and 14 comprehensive profit indices) has been established, with a index optimization matrix of comprehensive cost indices and comprehensive profit indices obtained and a ratio model of comprehensive cost to comprehensive profit (R_cc/cp) built. Results show that the R_cc/cp value of vegetables intercropping soybeans in insect-proof thin film greenhouses is the smallest and the R_cc/cp value of vegetables intercropping taros in insect-proof net greenhouses, pheromones in insect-proof thin film greenhouses, pheromones in insect-proof thin film greenhouses and ground planting (only using chemical pesticide for insect-proof without covering materials and synthetic sex pheromone) other four techniques are 0.6268, 0.6393, 0.6407, 0.9809 respectively. In accordance with the R_cc/cp value, vegetables intercropping soybeans in insect-proof thin film greenhouses can be the most optimized pesticide pollution controlling technique in the vegetable growing.     

降水入渗补给地下水过程分析

该文总结了降水入渗补给的模式,通过分析活塞式降水入渗、降水入渗补给的滞后和延迟、降水入渗优先补给等,研究了土壤不同岩性、不同埋深、不同降水时段与不同土壤含水量条件下的降水入渗补给过程．图5,表1,参8．     

某炼钢厂净、浊循环系统水质稳定配方相互影响的研究

通过对照实验,研究了净循环系统中A系列药剂缓蚀、阻垢的效果,以及循环系统中加入A、B两系列药剂对缓蚀、阻垢的影响,说明了在B系列药剂存在的循环系统中加入A系列药剂,其缓蚀、阻垢效果基本上不产生相互影响.