鼓泡式反应器高径比对氨法烟气脱碳性能的影响

以N2和CO2混合气模拟燃烧烟气,研究了鼓泡反应器的高径比以及反应条件对氨法烟气脱碳性能的影响。实验结果表明:在相同高径比的条件下,CO2吸收率随氨水质量分数的增加、反应温度的升高而逐渐增大,随进气CO2体积分数和模拟烟气流量的增加而逐渐减小;CO2吸收率随高径比的增加而增大,在高径比为3.98、氨水质量分数为28%、进气CO2体积分数为10%、模拟烟气流量为1.0L/min、反应温度为40℃的条件下,CO2吸收率最高可达100%。     

Applying the concept of State of Good Repair to the management of ecological infrastructure

At any time, the condition of ecological infrastructure is related to the availability of funds to support operational management programmes. Environmental management outcomes are therefore often coupled to general economic conditions. When general economic conditions are favourable, investment in environmental management is often greater. This implies that environmental management frameworks need to be able to cope with the waxing and waning of economic conditions while still delivering acceptable environmental management and service delivery outcomes. At the onset of budget cuts, environmental managers therefore need effective ways of assessing the near and far future trade-offs of curtailing particular programmes in a defensible and internally consistent manner.

Operators of large civil infrastructure assets face the same problem. In response, the asset management community has developed the State of Good Repair approach. The objective of the preliminary consideration presented here was to determine whether this engineering management approach has any merit in environmental management.     

Estimating willingness to pay for a hypothetical earthquake early warning systems

The development of reliable, accessible, and transparent earthquake early warning systems (EEWSs) for disaster reduction have been given increased priority at local, national, and international levels. Accurately quantifying the social and economic benefits accrued to households and businesses from EEWSs are a challenging and difficult task. In this paper, the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) is used to evaluate the benefits of a hypothetical EEWS to the citizens of Tehran Metropolitan. This study clarifies public willingness to pay (WTP) for EEWS in Tehran, and the dominant factors involved in WTP through a CVM analysis. The survey, completed by more than 504 households, showed that on average households are willing to pay 367,471 Rials (38 US$) per month for the hypothetical EEWS. Those willing to pay the most for EEWS are households, which currently possess a fire alarm. Also the more educated the respondents and the more children the respondents have, the more willing they are to pay for EEWS. These results could be used by policy makers and technology firms in order to determine the optimal investments in early warning systems for earthquake disaster reduction.     

光合细菌法在水处理中的应用

利用天然净水系统在能耗低的条件下使污水得到高度净化,并使污水转化为资源。研究将高效光合细菌用于污染水体,既能在污水排放前集中处理,起到前置库的作用,又能直接用于污染流域,逐步帮助恢复良好的水生态系统,使污水资源化。并根据对昆明市大观河和成都市府南河水样的处理效果,提出光合细菌治理府南河流域的新对策。     

浅谈堆肥设备

随着堆肥技术在不同固体废弃物处理中的广泛应用,与之相关的堆肥设备得到了极大的发展,堆肥设备包括物料处理、翻堆、反应器和除臭设备。家庭堆肥器和小容量反应器堆肥系统是堆肥设备新的发展趋势。     

江汉平原农地保护的外部效益研究

农地保护外部效益的货币化计量可为缓解我国农地流失形势,制定及实施农地生态保护政策,探寻农地保护和经济发展的均衡点提供理论及决策依据。运用条件价值评估法估算江汉平原农地保护的外部效益,研究表明：①随着农地保护意识的增强,受访居民已意识到农地外部效益的存在,8550%的受访居民对农地有正的支付意愿;受访居民的性别、年龄、家庭人口(老年人口、参加工作人口)、经济状况(土地面积、月生活开支、职业)等特征对支付意愿有显著影响。②江汉平原农地保护的年均总支付意愿达2805×108元,折合单位农地的保护效益为48 658元/hm2;区内现有农地目前无法通过市场价格表现的外部效益约1 24682×108元,具有无法忽略的重要地位。     

Place attachment and place identity: First-year undergraduates making the transition from home to university

This paper examines the issues emanating from the transition into a new social and cultural environment distant from the home, the context of which is provided by the transition from home to university. The study analyses the transitional process over a period of 5 months, using data obtained from in-depth semi-structured interviews and participant observation of ten first-year undergraduates who moved to study at the University of Gloucestershire in Cheltenham. It explores the mediating variables that impact place attachment and place identity during the transition from home to university. Within this context consideration is given to how participants made sense of changes in their socio-spatial environment, the ensuing problems and challenges of doing so, and how these meanings affected self-perceptions and self-evaluations. The analysis demonstrates how participant's stories of the transition evince an abiding concern with the loss of place, manifest in terms of an erosion of a sense of belonging, attachment and continuity and an undermining of home's capacity to symbolise the self. The implications of such accounts for our understanding of place attachment and identity are then explored. The paper concludes by advocating a holistic approach to our conceptualisation of place, given that place meanings are constantly being evaluated and redefined in light of changing social and physical relationships with place and between people and place.     

基于APSIM模型的春玉米生育期旱灾损失敏感性定量分析

作物不同生育期旱灾损失敏感性研究对于提高农业干旱监测准确率、采取合理的农业抗旱减灾措施等有重要意义.干旱发生时,农业用水被压缩,充分利用当前可用灌溉水量以取得较好的作物产量效益是农业抗旱减灾中的重点.目前已有研究大多从水分胁迫试验出发,分析不同干旱胁迫对作物产量的影响,定性分析作物各生育期旱灾损失敏感性.由于农田试验样...     

南水北调中线水源地汉江上游流域主要生态环境问题及对策

汉江上游是南水北调中线水源地,流域生态环境建设是保障水源地水质安全的关键.针对上游流域水环境污染、土地利用以及水土流失等重大生态环境问题,结合流域数字高程模型及水质调查对其进行了系统分析.结果表明:(1)丹江流域、库区流域及汉中盆地水质较差,COD<,Mn>和氨氮成为水源区主要污染物;(2)各子流域区植被覆盖占各自面积的71.2%～95.7%,表明流域植被覆盖较好,但沿河岸100 m范围内农业用地占29.2%～43.4%,且多为坡耕地;(3)流域水土流失严重,2000年左右流域侵蚀图显示汉江源头、秦岭南及大巴山北均出现了大片年均侵蚀模数>2 200 t/km2的区域,且有日益增强的趋势.提出加大水环境污染整治力度、加强农业用肥管理及河岸带建设、水土保持建设以及加强流域水环境及水土保持监测和科研工作等对策.     

岷江上游泥石流堵河可能性的经验公式判别

泥石流堵塞主河,特别是堵断主河后发生重大灾害的实例屡见不鲜,对泥石流堵河的研究也方兴未艾。选取岷江上游具有代表性的堵河型泥石流沟4条、堵塞型泥石流沟及不堵河型泥石流沟各2条,通过文献查阅、实地调查得到各泥石流沟的基本数据、泥石流堵河状况及入汇处主河特征的资料,对堵河型泥石流基本特征进行分析总结,并与堵塞型、不堵河型泥石流沟进行比较,得出计算泥石流堵断主河可能性大小的经验公式,并对所选典型泥石流沟进行了计算。经分析,计算结果与实际相符,故在岷江上游干旱河谷区,可用此式计算泥石流堵河可能性大小,并依此来判断泥石流对主河的堵塞程度,计算数值越大,堵塞程度就越高,一般堵河可能性〖WTBX〗R〖WTBZ〗在10以上为易于堵河,介于5～10可对主河造成较严重的堵塞,小于5则堵河的可能性很小,多产生轻微堵塞。〖