人因事故纵深防御系统模型

复杂社会技术系统发展的特征对系统中人因产生了极大的影响。对该系统中人因事故的防范采取基于多米诺骨牌原理的对策已难奏效 ,而须采用技术手段、组织手段、文化手段融为一体的纵深防御策略。笔者提出并建立了一个主动型人因事故纵深防御系统模型 ,它包含 5个阶段 :方针确立、预测分析、事故减少策略、运行、反馈 ,突出主动去探查与辨识可能的人因事故 ,并采取技术、组织和文化相结合的措施达到减少和预防事故的目的。     

龙岩市水泥厂机立窑除尘设备现状调查

调查了水泥厂机立窑各类除尘设备的现状 ,结果表明 ,干法静电除尘器是目前机立窑烟尘治理的首选除尘器     

从供给角度对地震灾害国民经济体系易损性的分析

以投入产出分析为基础，从供给的角度提出了对地震灾害国民经济体系易损性分析方法，为经济体系生命线工程的确定和防灾、抗灾投入的有效实施提供了基础。     

Amenity Values of Public and Private Forests: Examining the Value–Attitude Relationship

Public values toward forests have changed since the late 1980s, from a commodity-oriented perspective toward a more inclusive (commodity and non-commodity) orientation. This study examines the influence of four indicators of population diversity (age, ethnic background, place of residence, and gender) on amenity values of forests, environmental attitudes, and forest value—attitude correspondence. Four values of public and private forests were assessed, wood production (utilitarian value), clean air (a life support value), scenic beauty (an aesthetic value), and heritage (a spiritual value). Environmental attitudes were measured using a modified version of the New Environmental Paradigm scale. Five hundred and forty-eight randomly selected residents of households in 13 states of the Southern United States participated in a telephone interview. Age and ethnic background were found to moderate the value—attitude relationship, with the strength of the association being dependent upon the type of forest (i.e., public or private) and the forest value (i.e., utilitarian, life support, spiritual, and aesthetic). Females, younger persons (less than 43 years old), and whites reported lower utilitarian values of forests than their respective counterparts. Results are interpreted within the context of an emerging post-material society, in which a biocentric orientation to forests and the natural environment may be favored more by a younger (versus older) generation and increasingly racially diverse U.S. population. Implications for managing forests using a multiple-values (versus multiple-uses) approach are discussed.     

Moral Intensity and Willingness to Pay Concerning Farm Animal Welfare Issues and the Implications for Agricultural Policy

An experimental survey was undertakento explore the links between thecharacteristics of a moral issue, the degree ofmoral intensity/moral imperative associatedwith the issue (Jones, 1991), and people'sstated willingness to pay (wtp) for policy toaddress the issue. Two farm animal welfareissues were chosen for comparison and thecontingent valuation method was used to elicitpeople's wtp. The findings of the surveysuggest that increases in moral characteristicsdo appear to result in an increase in moralintensity and the degree of moral imperativeassociated with an issue. Moreover, there was apositive link between moral intensity/moralimperative associated with an issue andpeople's stated wtp for policy to address theissue. The paper discusses the relevance of thefindings of the survey in the context of thedebate concerning the relationship betweenmoral and economic values and the use of thecontingent valuation method to estimatepeople's wtp of policy options with moraldimensions.     

Naturalness: Beyond Animal Welfare

There is an ongoing debate in animalethics on the meaning and scope of animalwelfare. In certain broader views, leading anatural life through the development of naturalcapabilities is also headed under the conceptof animal welfare. I argue that a concern forthe development of natural capabilities of ananimal such as expressed when living freelyshould be distinguished from the preservationof the naturalness of its behavior andappearance. However, it is not always clearwhere a plea for natural living changes overinto a plea for the preservation of theirnaturalness or wildness. In the first part ofthis article, I examine to what extent theconcerns for natural living meet ``theexperience requirement.' I conclude that someof these concerns go beyond welfare. In thesecond part of the article. I ask whether wehave moral reasons to respect concernsfor the naturalness of an animal's living thattranscend its welfare. I argue that the moralrelevance of such considerations can be graspedwhen we see animals as entities bearingnon-moral intrinsic values. In my view the``natural' appearance and behavior of an animalmay embody intrinsic values. Caring for ananimal's naturalness should then be understoodas caring for such intrinsic values. Intrinsicvalues provide moral reasons for action iffthey are seen as constitutive of the good lifefor humans. I conclude by reinterpreting,within the framework of a perfectionist ethicaltheory, the notion of indirect dutiesregarding animals, which go beyond andsupplement the direct duties towardsanimals.     

有关昆仑山口西8.1级地震及其余震活动趋势的讨论

在处理了部分有关资料的基础上 ,从发震断层旋性、历史地震类比、地震活动图像变化和地震序列特征等多方面对昆仑山口西 8.1级地震的余震活动趋势进行了讨论 ,结果表明 :本次 8.1级地震的最大余震震级可能为 6级左右     

安全状态评价模型构模原理及其状态程度与状态存在程度的表达方法研究

运用系统科学理论对安全状态评价模型构模原理进行阐述;根据评价系统状态的模糊性特征,结合人们对安全状态的认识、理解和接受方式,提出了评价系统状态程度与状态存在的可能性多值表达方法     

淮河流域综合治理与南水北调（东线）工程

淮河水系畸形导致流域生态系统脆弱,环境承载力低下,淮河流域可称为生态控制型落后地区,因此今后淮河流域综合治理应以水系统合治理为核心。淮河水系统综合治理的基本原则是“上蓄、中疏、下导”关键是通过河口治理,使下游直流入海,河湖分家。在当今严峻的资源与环境形态下,应当把从５０代国。当作实现中不部地区可持续发展的重要组成部,将与其淮河水系综合治理有机地结合起来。