多种进水碳源条件下侧流活性污泥工艺的脱氮除磷机制

为提高污水氮磷营养盐的去除能力和稳定性,侧流活性污泥工艺开始被应用于世界多地的污水处理项目.污水有机碳的水解代谢行为影响侧流工艺的营养盐去除机制,但目前的研究多侧重简单碳源物质.本文采用多种碳源种类(简单碳源乙酸钠,大分子碳源葡萄糖、淀粉、蛋白胨、豆油及其组合)模拟实际污水有机碳组成,以探索更复杂碳源在侧流工艺(主流一...     

Simultaneous removal of ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursors from high ammonia water by zeolite and powdered activated carbon

When adding sufficient chlorine to achieve breakpoint chlorination to source water containing high concentration of ammonia during drinking water treatment, high concentrations of disinfection by-products(DBPs) may form. If N-nitrosamine precursors are present, highly toxic N-nitrosamines, primarily N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA), may also form. Removing their precursors before disinfection should be a more effective way to minimize these DBPs formation. In this study, zeolites and activated carbon were examined for ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal when incorporated into drinking water treatment processes.The test results indicate that Mordenite zeolite can remove ammonia and five of seven N-nitrosamine precursors efficiently by single step adsorption test. The practical applicability was evaluated by simulation of typical drinking water treatment processes using six-gang stirring system. The Mordenite zeolite was applied at the steps of lime softening, alum coagulation, and alum coagulation with powdered activated carbon(PAC) sorption. While the lime softening process resulted in poor zeolite performance, alum coagulation did not impact ammonia and N-nitrosamine precursor removal. During alum coagulation, more than67% ammonia and 70%–100% N-nitrosamine precursors were removed by Mordenite zeolite(except 3-(dimethylaminomethyl)indole(DMAI) and 4-dimethylaminoantipyrine(DMAP)). PAC effectively removed DMAI and DMAP when added during alum coagulation. A combination of the zeolite and PAC selected efficiently removed ammonia and all tested seven N-nitrosamine precursors(dimethylamine(DMA), ethylmethylamine(EMA), diethylamine(DEA), dipropylamine(DPA), trimethylamine(TMA), DMAP, and DMAI) during the alum coagulation process.     

长期侧流提取对EBPR系统除磷及其磷回收性能的影响

实验采用交替厌氧/好氧(An/O)运行模式的SBR反应器,考察310 d内分3个批次提取侧流比为0、1/4、1/3、1/2的厌氧放磷上清液后EBPR系统的脱氮除磷效果及相应的磷回收性能.结果表明,整个实验阶段系统对COD和氨氮的去除较为稳定,出水均能满足《城镇污水处理厂污染物综合排放标准》一级A标准,总氮去除因厌氧阶段反硝化不断增强有所提升,达标率由88.2%显著上升至98.6%.然而,随着厌氧上清液提取次数的增多,系统释磷能力整体下降,但前两个批次中系统除磷均稳定高效,去除率在90%以上,相应地出水磷达标率大于75%,仅第3批次实验中侧流比为1/2时系统除磷率出现大幅波动,最低降为54.2%,并贡献该批次出水磷不达标率的60%,说明长期提取1/2侧流比不利于主流工艺出水稳定维持.研究还发现,长期进行侧流磷回收实验有利于污泥减量,且对污泥沉降性能影响不大.因此,在EBPR系统内长期提取适当侧流比的厌氧上清液以进行磷回收与主流工艺同步高效脱氮除磷具有可行性.     

河岸过滤中氨氮的削减及其浓度对细菌与氨氧化微生物的影响

通过小试滤柱模拟河岸过滤,结合荧光定量PCR和高通量测序等手段研究了河岸过滤对氨氮的削减效能和进水氨氮浓度对细菌与氨氧化微生物的影响.结果表明,低浓度(0.2 mg·L^-1)氨氮未被削减,较高浓度(1.0 mg·L^-1和2.0 mg·L^-1)氨氮的削减率可达70%.进水处细菌丰度随氨氮浓度升高而增加,细菌群落组成随氨氮浓度升高发生规律性变化.出水处氨氧化古菌(Ammonia oxidizing archaea,AOA)丰度与氨氮浓度呈负相关,氨氧化细菌(Ammonia oxidizing bacteria,AOB)丰度与氨氮浓度无显著相关关系;进水处AOA-α多样性与氨氮浓度呈正相关,但AOB-α多样性与氨氮浓度呈负相关;进水处AOA群落组成受氨氮浓度影响,而进、出水处AOB群落组成均受氨氮浓度影响.可见,进水氨氮浓度会影响河岸过滤对氨氮的削减效能,还会影响细菌、氨氧化微生物的丰度及群落结构,AOB对氨氮浓度的变化比AOA更敏感.     

应用加载磁絮凝技术处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

垃圾渗滤液是一种成分复杂多变的高浓度难处理有机废水。本研究采用加载磁絮凝技术对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,并讨论了适宜的磁载体、凝聚剂和絮凝剂的加入量。     

有无隔膜槽中成对电解脱色活性艳蓝性能比较

分别采用有/无隔膜电解槽,以活性炭纤维(ACF)为阳极和阴极,研究了不同电流密度下蒽醌染料活性艳蓝KN-R的电化学脱色。在染料脱除量、电耗、脱除当量等方面比较了两种电解槽的脱色性能。结果表明,1.0～1.5 mA/cm2时,两种电解槽中均发生阳极电氧化和阴极电还原同时进行的成对电解脱色,无隔膜槽脱色性能优于隔膜槽。     

湿式脱硫除尘技术在开发应用中的几点看法

当前,随着经济的快速发展,全国燃煤量不断增加,二氧化硫、烟尘超标排放已导致严重的环境污染问题.二氧化硫、烟尘排放量的控制,可采用选用清洁煤,改变燃烧技术及末尾脱硫除尘技术.比较而言,烟气除尘脱硫技术是一种技术成熟较为经济的应用技术.其中湿式脱硫除尘技术已得到广泛推广与应用,但该技术中仍存在不能消除黑烟、二氧化硫脱除不稳定因素多、设备腐蚀问题.本文通过对实际测试结果分析及脱硫效率影响因素的分析,提出了相应的看法与建议.     

低DO下AGS-SBR处理低COD/N生活污水长期运行特征及种群分析

本研究在序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR)中接种好氧颗粒污泥(AGS),构成AGS-SBR系统,研究其在低DO(0.5~1.0mg·L~(-1))条件下,处理低COD/N比(4.0)生活污水同步脱氮除磷的长期稳定运行特性,并解析反应器的主要菌群构成.结果表明,在反应器运行的180d里,AGS-SBR系统表现出了良好且稳定的除污能力,反应器对水体中COD、NH~+_4-N、TN和TP平均去除率分别达到87.17%、95.21%、77.05%和91.11%.好氧颗粒污泥沉降性能一直很好,污泥始终保持着完整的颗粒外观和密实紧凑的结构,并没有出现明显的颗粒污泥解体的现象.同时,高通量测序结果表明,变形菌门、厚壁菌门、绿菌门、绿弯菌门和拟杆菌门为SBR-AGS反应器中主要优势菌群.Denitratisoma、Planctomycetaceae、Thauera、Comamonas、Nitrosomonas和Nitrospira是反应器中与脱氮有关菌群;Clostridium和Anaerolinea是除磷相关细菌.     

臭氧氧化印染工业园废水的效能与机理研究

本研究开展了印染废水臭氧氧化影响因素、降解动力学和淬灭实验,测定了自由基物种、降解产物和琥珀酸脱氢酶活性.结果表明,苯胺去除效率随着pH值、臭氧投加量和臭氧投加速率的增加分别逐渐减小、增加和减小,且臭氧浓度为24 mg·L^-1时苯胺去除效率最高.臭氧氧化苯胺的适宜条件为：臭氧浓度为24 mg·L^-1、臭氧投加量为200 mg·L^-1和臭氧投加速率为4 mg·min^-1,此时苯胺的去除效率为47.2%.臭氧氧化苯胺是直接氧化为主结合羟基自由基反应的作用过程.苯胺脱氨基和裂解苯环后生成戊二酸或L-焦谷氨酸直至矿化.大肠杆菌在原水和臭氧氧化后废水中的酶抑制率分别为83.4%和24.7%.臭氧氧化前处理后,混凝去除色度、SS、COD、总氮、总磷、硫化物和苯胺的效能分别提高了0.72%、0.46%、31.40%、9.40%、22.80%、31.40%和63.30%.研究结果为臭氧氧化印染工业园废水前处理的应用提供了基础依据.     

The role of doped-Mn on enhancing arsenic removal by MgAl-LDHs

To meet the challenges posed by global arsenic water contamination, the MgAlMn-LDHs with extraordinary efficiency of arsenate removal was developed. In order to clarify the enhancement effect of the doped-Mn on the arsenate removal performance of the LDHs, the cluster models of the MgAlMn-LDHs and MgAl-LDHs were established and calculated by using density functional theory (DFT). The results shown that the doped-Mn can significantly change the electronic structure of the LDHs and improve its chemical activity. Compared with the MgAl-LDHs that without the doped-Mn, the HOMO-LUMO gap was smaller after doping. In addition, the -OH and Al on the laminates were also activated to improve the adsorption property of the LDHs. Besides, the doped-Mn existed as a novel active site. On the other hand, the MgAlMn-LDHs with the doped-Mn, the increased of the binding energy, as well as the decreased of the ion exchange energy of interlayer Cl⁻, making the ability to arsenate removal had been considerably elevated than the MgAl-LDHs. Furthermore, there is an obvious coordination covalent bond between arsenate and the laminates of the MgAlMn-LDHs that with the doped-Mn.