生物陶粒——硅藻土联合工艺脱氮除磷

试验采用硅藻土和生物接触氧化组合工艺处理污水处理厂出水,氨氮从10mg／L下降到0．5mg／L以下,去除率70～95％;硅藻土澄清池对总磷的去除率高于95％;且对浊度、色度均有良好的去除效果。     

中小城市生活垃圾处理方法研讨

根据对城市生活垃圾不同的处理方法,并结合城市生活垃圾的成分,提出了中小城市应按其实际情况采用适宣本地的生活垃圾无害化处理的相应方法。     

水华对沉积物中氮的转化和去除的影响

湖泊富营养化和水华暴发已经成为突出的环境问题之一,了解水华对湖泊氮素的转化和去除的影响,对于削减湖泊氮负荷至关重要.本文研究了水华对沉积物中氮转化和氮转化相关功能基因的影响,并采用结构方程模型分析了水华影响湖泊中氮转化和去除的途径.结果表明,与厌氧氨氧化相比,反硝化作用是太湖沉积物氮削减的主要途径,对沉积物中总溶解性氮去除率的解释度为42. 3%.水华可以直接造成沉积物中TDN和TOC量的增加,提高厌氧氨氧化菌、nir S和nir K的基因丰度,并且间接提高沉积物中氨氮和硝酸盐的浓度,通过增强厌氧氨氧化和反硝化过程加速沉积物中氮的去除.     

Combination of ion exchange system and biological reactors for simultaneous removal of ammonia and organics

A novel process for a simultaneous removal of ammonia and organics was developed on the basis of ion exchange and biological reactions. From batch experiments, it was found out that NH₄⁺ could be removed effectively by combining cation exchange and biological nitrification showing 0.98 mg N/m²?s of a maximum flux. On the other hand, the removal of NO₃⁻ was 3.5 times faster than NH₄⁺ and the maximum flux was calculated to be 3.4 mg N/m²?s. The systems for NH₄⁺ and NO₃⁻ removal were combined for establishing the IEBR process. When the process was operated in a continuous mode, approximately 95.8% of NH₄⁺ was removed showing an average flux of 0.22 mg N/m²·s. The removal efficiency of total nitrogen was calculated as 94.5% whereas that of organics was 99.5%. It was concluded that the IEBR process would be effectively used for a simultaneous removal of NH₄⁺ and organics.     

高炉煤气干法除尘技术的发展

我国是采用高炉煤气干法袋式除尘最早的国家之一,至今已有40多年的历史。本文介绍了高炉煤气干法除尘技术发展的三个阶段,即起步、发展,以及炉容1000m3以上级的提高阶段,认为采用干法除尘,才能节能减排,实现综合利用。     

新型水刺复合过滤材料的开发与应用

介绍了水刺复合工艺的优点,分析了新型水刺复合滤料的三种先进形式—针刺与水刺、纺粘与水刺、机织与水刺的特点及其市场应用领域,为滤料研究提出了新的方向。     

Evolving Expectations of Dam Removal Outcomes: Downstream Geomorphic Effects Following Removal of a Small,Gravel‐Filled Dam1

Kibler, Kelly, Desiree Tullos, and Mathias Kondolf, 2011. Evolving Expectations of Dam Removal Outcomes: Downstream Geomorphic Effects Following Removal of a Small, Gravel‐Filled Dam. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 1‐16. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2011.00523.x Abstract: Dam removal is a promising river restoration technique, particularly for the vast number of rivers impounded by small dams that no longer fulfill their intended function. As the decommissioning of small dams becomes increasingly commonplace in the future, it is essential that decisions regarding how and when to remove these structures are informed by appropriate conceptual ideas outlining potential outcomes. To refine predictions, it is necessary to utilize information from ongoing dam removal monitoring to evolve predictive tools, including conceptual models. Following removal of the Brownsville Dam from the Calapooia River, Oregon, aquatic habitats directly below the dam became more heterogeneous over the short term, whereas changes further downstream were virtually undetectable. One year after dam removal, substrates of bars and riffles within 400 m downstream of the dam coarsened and a dominance of gravel and cobble sediments replaced previously hardpan substrate. New bars formed and existing bars grew such that bar area and volume increased substantially, and a pool‐riffle structure formed where plane‐bed glide formations had previously dominated. As the Brownsville Dam stored coarse rather than fine sediments, outcomes following removal differ from results of many prior dam removal studies. Therefore, we propose a refined conceptual model describing downstream geomorphic processes following small dam removal when upstream fill is dominated by coarse sediments.     

强化生物除磷系统的微生物学及生化特性研究进展

综述了强化生物除磷(Enhanced biological phosphorus removal,EBPR)系统的微生物学和生化特性两方面的最新研究进展.在微生物学方面,归纳了EBPR系统中的主要微生物——聚磷菌、聚糖菌、反硝化聚磷菌的分类及相互之间的竞争和联系.具有聚磷功能的微生物种类繁多,目前普遍认为Accumulibacter是一种典型的聚磷菌,在各种规模的EBPR系统中均不同程度的存在.关于聚磷菌和聚糖菌的联系、反硝化聚磷菌的分类问题存在争论.在生化特性方面,归纳了聚磷菌体内三大聚合物——糖原、聚β-羟基烷酸脂和聚合磷酸盐与聚磷菌代谢功能的关系.聚磷菌厌氧阶段的还原力由糖酵解和有机底物TCA循环共同提供,其比例受种群结构和实验条件影响.糖原根据不同菌株厌氧阶段的降解途径有所不同,但是对细胞都起到调节氧化平衡的作用.聚β-羟基烷酸脂的组成由有机底物决定,丙酸为底物时4种单体均可检测出来.聚磷菌厌氧释磷的能量来自聚磷分解和糖原分解,耗能受环境条件影响.图5表3参37     

Zn-TiO_2纳米管的光催化活性

采用水热合成-浸渍法制备锌掺杂TiO2纳米管（Zn-TiO2纳米管）,透射电镜照片显示Zn-TiO2纳米管为两端开口形貌均一的中空管状结构,管径约6～8 nm,壁厚约1 nm,长度约50～200 nm。研究了Zn-TiO2纳米管对甲基橙的光催化性能,结果表明：掺杂适量锌提高了TiO2纳米管对甲基橙的光催化降解性能,0.4%Zn-TiO2纳米管的光催化性能最佳。同时还探讨了Zn-TiO2纳米管用量和初始pH值等因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响,结果显示Zn-TiO2纳米管能有效地降解甲基橙。随着光催化反应进行,CODCr去除率和脱色率变化规律不完全相同,可能是由于芳基和烷基降解速率不同所致。     

腐殖酸吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的对比实验研究

研究了未处理的腐殖酸(HA)和不溶性腐殖酸(IHA)对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附作用.进行了反应时间、pH值、IHA投加量、温度等对去除效率的影响研究,确定了两种吸附剂最佳反应条件,并通过对比实验,分析了两种吸附剂吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的特点.实验表明,HA达到最大吸附量时所需要的反应时间(180 min左右)远远高于IHiA的反应时间...