无花果曲霉对直接冻黄（G）的脱色特性研究

文章利用无花果曲霉对直接冻黄G进行脱色研究,在搅拌条件下,菌丝球能有效地使直接冻黄G脱色（＞90％在24h内）。在限氮培养基中,对影响脱色过程的因素进行了试验。这些因素包括：葡萄糖浓度、酒石酸 铵浓度、原初pH及温度。结果表明：该菌丝球对染料脱色的最佳温度为30℃,最佳pH5.0,培养基成分对脱色也有一定的影响。该菌对染料的脱色酶为组成酶,脱色酶在细胞内、外均有分布,染料对酶无诱导作用。菌丝球经二次脱色后能重新被利用。     

Inhibitory properties of Enterococcus spp. isolated from faeces of healthy dogs

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inhibitory effect by the cross-streak method of nine Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from faeces of healthy dogs and their treated and non-treated cell-free supernatant (CFS) by the well-diffusion test on the growth of potentially pathogenic bacteria isolated from clinical cases and aflatoxigenic Aspergillus section Flavi and the consequent aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) production. Results obtained from the cross-strake assay showed that E. faecium MF1, GJ18 and GJ40 presented the major inhibitory activity against all pathogenic strains assayed; E. faecium GJ40 produced the larger inhibitory zones (26–27 mm). Well-diffusion test results showed that the majority of the enterococci strains CFS had antimicrobial activity against the pathogenic microorganisms, especially on Gram negative indicators. Cell-free supernatant of E. faecium GJ40 was the one that produced the largest inhibition zones (14 to 21 mm) in the majority of the indicator microorganisms assayed. All supernatants treated with 10 N NaOH (pH6) showed no inhibitory effect on the indicator strain assayed. With respect to fungal inhibition, any of the CFS assayed significantly inhibited the Aspergillus strains growth. But, in general, all CFS reduced AFB₁ production from 8 to 87%. The results demonstrate that enterococci isolated from healthy dog feaces produce substances with the capacity to inhibit some potential pathogenic bacteria growth and the capacity of inhibiting or reducing the AFB₁ production in vitro.     

复合菌利用酱油废液制备生物絮凝剂及其絮凝特性分析

利用酱油曲霉(Aspergillus sojae)和毕赤酵母(Pichia membranifaciens)复合菌以酱油酿造废液作为培养基生产生物絮凝剂,研究了外加碳源、外加氮源、培养基的初始pH值以及酱油酿造废液浓度等因素对絮凝剂产量及絮凝剂活性的影响,并考察了所制备絮凝剂的絮凝特性.结果表明,酱油酿造废液稀释1倍,加入5g/L乙醇作为补充碳源,不需添加氮源,调节pH值至5.0左右,培养30h,生物絮凝剂的产量可达到5.92g/L.实验制备的生物絮凝剂具有较好的絮凝效果,对高岭土悬浊液的去除率达到98.3%;对酱油废水、酿酒废水、生活污水、乳品废水等实际废水的浊度的去除率78.2%~92.3%,COD去除率为64.2%~85.2%.     

垃圾焚烧飞灰浓度对黑曲霉生长及重金属生物淋滤效果的影响

采用黑曲霉生物淋滤飞灰中的重金属,探讨了不同飞灰浓度对菌体生长、pH值、产生的有机酸种类及金属溶出效果的影响,并比较了生物淋滤处理前后飞灰的浸出毒性.结果表明,黑曲霉在代谢生长过程中产出的有机酸使pH值下降,将重金属从固相的飞灰中溶出.呈碱性并含有毒重金属的飞灰使黑曲霉的生长出现了延迟期.当飞灰质量浓度为20 g/L时,菌体生长量在192 h达到最大值(28.61 g/L),淋滤结束后的最低pH值为3.85,重金属溶出效果最佳.其中,Cd的溶出率达93.06%,Mn、Pb和Zn的溶出率均在70%左右,Fe、Cr和Cu的溶出率分别为22%、33%和47%.经生物淋滤后的飞灰中7种重金属浸出浓度远低于国家控制标准.     

Influence of herbicide glyphosate on growth and aflatoxin B1 production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains isolated from soil on in vitro assay

The effect of six glyphosate concentrations on growth rate and aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) production by Aspergillus section Flavi strains under different water activity (a_W) on maize-based medium was investigated. In general, the lag phase decreased as glyphosate concentration increased and all the strains showed the same behavior at the different conditions tested. The glyphosate increased significantly the growth of all Aspergillus section Flavi strains in different percentages with respect to control depending on pesticide concentration. At 5.0 and 10 mM this fact was more evident; however significant differences between both concentrations were not observed in most strains. Aflatoxin B₁ production did not show noticeable differences among different pesticide concentrations assayed at all a_W in both strains. This study has shown that these Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus strains are able to grow effectively and produce aflatoxins in high nutrient status media over a range of glyphosate concentrations under different water activity conditions.     

Degradation of Metolachlor in Crude Extract of Aspergillus Flavus

Abstract

Crude enzyme from a soil fungus, Aspergillus flavus, was isolated from a field soil following repeated applications of metolachlor [2-Chloro-N-(methoxy-1-methylethyl)-2′-ethyl-6′-methyl acetanilide]. Metolachlor hydrolysis by the crude enzyme extract was determined by enzyme assay. The tests were performed in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5, and the reaction was carried out at two herbicide concentrations (20 and 100 μg mL^?1) and two crude extract volumes (0.2 and 0.5 mL of the homogenized crude extract mixture). The rate of metolachlor degradation was found faster in samples containing higher volume of crude extract, (T _1/2, 5.7 h) for both concentrations of the herbicide. The activities of enzymes responsible for dechlorination coupled with hydroxylation, N-dealkylation, and breaking of amide linkage were found responsible in the degradation.     

Enhanced enzymatic removal of anthracene by the mangrove soil-derived fungus, Aspergillus sydowii BPOI

• A. sydowii strain bpo1 exhibited 99.8% anthracene degradation efficiency. • Four unique metabolic products were obtained after anthracene degradation. • Ligninolytic enzymes induction played vital roles in the removal of anthracene. • Laccase played a crucial role in comparison with other enzymes induced. The present study investigated the efficiency of Aspergillus sydowii strain bpo1 (GenBank Accession Number: MK373021) in the removal of anthracene (100 mg/L). Optimal degradation efficiency (98.7%) was observed at neutral pH, temperature (30℃), biomass weight (2 g) and salinity (0.2% w/v) within 72 h. The enzyme analyses revealed 131%, 107%, and 89% induction in laccase, lignin peroxidase, and manganese peroxidase respectively during anthracene degradation. Furthermore, the degradation efficiency (99.8%) and enzyme induction were significantly enhanced with the addition of 100 mg/L of citric acid and glucose to the culture. At varying anthracene concentrations (100–500 mg/L), the degradation rate constants (k₁) peaked with increasing concentration of anthracene while the half-life (t_1/2) decreases with increase in anthracene concentration. Goodness of fit (R² = 0.976 and 0.982) was observed when the experimental data were subjected to Langmuir and Temkin models respectively which affirmed the monolayer and heterogeneous nature exhibited by A. sydwoii cells during degradation. Four distinct metabolites; anthracene-1,8,9 (2H,8aH,9aH)-trione, 2,4a-dihydronaphthalene-1,5-dione, 1,3,3a,7a-tetrahydro-2-benzofuran-4,7-dione and 2-hydroxybenzoic acid was obtained through Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A. sydowii exhibited promising potentials in the removal of PAHs.     

Isolates identification and characteristics of microorganisms in biotrickling filter and biofilter system treating H2S and NH3

A combination system of biotrickling filter （BTF） and biofilter （BF）, adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simultaneously. The identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by Biolog system. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sphaericus, Geobacillus themoglucosidasius （55℃） and Micrococcus luteus （ATCC 9341） in BTF, and Aspergillus sydowii （Bainier ＆ Sartory） Thom＆ Church in BE Among 95 substrate classes supplied by Biolog system, the carboxylic acids and methyl esters had the highest utilization extent for the four species, followed by the amino acids and peptides. The descending sequence of carbon sources utilization capability of isolates was A. sydowii （52.6%）, M. luteus （39.5%）, B. sphaericus （21.6%）, and G. thermoglucosidasius （17.7%）.     

黑曲霉(ASPERGILLUS NIGER)SG株三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的分离与初步鉴定

黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）在工业生产和科学研究中占有重要地位,因为许多黑曲霉菌株能产生有机酸和酶制剂,并能分泌大量蛋白质到细胞外［１,６］．三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（Ｇｌｙｃｅｒａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ３ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａ...     

寄生曲霉产生絮凝剂的培养条件及其絮凝特性

从霉菌中筛选得到一株絮凝性较强的寄生曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃｕｓ）．通过条件试验,确定寄生曲霉产生絮凝剂的最佳条件为：蔗糖作碳源,ＮａＮＯ３或脲或谷氨酸作氮源,初始ｐＨ为３．０,温度为２８℃,摇床的转速为１４０ｒ／ｍｉｎ．寄生曲霉在酸性条件下对高岭土具有很强的絮凝性,且有较高的热稳定性．