Isolates identification and characteristics of microorganisms in biotrickling filter and biofilter system treating H2S and NH3

A combination system of biotrickling filter （BTF） and biofilter （BF）, adopting surfactant-modified clinoptilolite and surfactant- modified wood chip as the media respectively, was applied to treat H2S and NH3 simultaneously. The identification and sole carbon sources utilization patterns of isolates in the combination system were studied by Biolog system. The isolates were identified as Bacillus sphaericus, Geobacillus themoglucosidasius （55℃） and Micrococcus luteus （ATCC 9341） in BTF, and Aspergillus sydowii （Bainier ＆ Sartory） Thom＆ Church in BE Among 95 substrate classes supplied by Biolog system, the carboxylic acids and methyl esters had the highest utilization extent for the four species, followed by the amino acids and peptides. The descending sequence of carbon sources utilization capability of isolates was A. sydowii （52.6%）, M. luteus （39.5%）, B. sphaericus （21.6%）, and G. thermoglucosidasius （17.7%）.     

黑曲霉(ASPERGILLUS NIGER)SG株三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶基因的分离与初步鉴定

黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ）在工业生产和科学研究中占有重要地位,因为许多黑曲霉菌株能产生有机酸和酶制剂,并能分泌大量蛋白质到细胞外［１,６］．三磷酸甘油醛脱氢酶（Ｇｌｙｃｅｒａｌｄｅｈｙｄｅ３ｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｅｄｅｈｙｄｒｏｇｅｎａ...     

寄生曲霉产生絮凝剂的培养条件及其絮凝特性

从霉菌中筛选得到一株絮凝性较强的寄生曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｐａｒａｓｉｔｉｃｕｓ）．通过条件试验,确定寄生曲霉产生絮凝剂的最佳条件为：蔗糖作碳源,ＮａＮＯ３或脲或谷氨酸作氮源,初始ｐＨ为３．０,温度为２８℃,摇床的转速为１４０ｒ／ｍｉｎ．寄生曲霉在酸性条件下对高岭土具有很强的絮凝性,且有较高的热稳定性．     

Uptake of chromium by Aspergillus foetidus

Aspergillus foetidus has the ability to take up chromium during the stationary phase of growth and under growth-nonsupportive conditions. We observed a 97% decrease in hexavalent chromium (initial concentration 5 µg/g) at the end of 92 h of growth, which may be due to its reduction to Cr (III) and/or complexation with organic compounds released due to the metabolic activity of the fungus. Replacement culture studies under growth-nonsupportive conditions revealed that the maximum uptake of Cr (VI) at pH 7.0 is 2 mg/g of dry biomass. At low or high pH values, Cr (VI) uptake is significantly reduced. In addition, the initial rate of total chromium uptake is also enhanced by higher biomass concentrations and the presence of glucose. The results obtained through this investigation indicate the possibility of treating waste effluents containing hexavalent chromium using Aspergillus foetidus.     

磷矿石的微生物风化作用——以一株黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)为例

以直接和间接作用的方式研究培养基中黑曲霉Aspergillus niger对磷矿粉的风化作用。在装有100目磷矿石粉的液体培养基中接入该菌研究其对磷矿石粉的直接风化作用;同时将装有100目磷矿石粉的透析袋放入液体培养基中再接入该菌研究其对磷矿石粉的间接风化作用。按不同时间取培养液上清液,用电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱仪测定Ca2 、Mg2 、Al3 、Fe3 、K 和Mn2 浓度,用离子色谱法测定H2PO4-、SO42-和Cl-浓度。此外,黑曲霉风化作用后的矿物残渣用电子探针作表面微观形态分析和XRD矿物物相分析。结果表明:黑曲霉对磷矿石粉风化作用的直接作用强度大于间接作用;黑曲霉可风化磷矿石粉,但对矿粉中不同矿物的风化强度不同,风化过程中形成次生矿物水草酸钙。提出黑曲霉对磷矿石的风化作用源自黑曲霉生长导致的机械破坏作用、胞外分泌物的生化降解作用以及多种因素之间的协同作用。     

黑曲霉对水溶性染料的吸附研究

用黑曲霉对6种水溶性染料废水进行吸附脱色,当染料质量浓度为100mg／L时,6种染料废水的脱色率均达到88％以上。对培养液的光谱分析表明,染料废水的脱色是由吸附引起的。考察了氮碳源种类、碳源浓度、培养基pH和染料浓度对染料废水吸附脱色效果的影响。结果表明,（NH4）2SO4和葡萄糖是较好的氮碳源,葡萄糖质量浓度为2．5～10．0g／L时,随着其质量浓度的增加,脱色率增加;当染料质量浓度为50～200mg／L时,随着其质量浓度的增加,脱色率下降;pH对脱色率有一定的影响,但pH为4～9时,脱色率均较高。对吸附了染料的菌体进行解吸,发现甲醇是较好的解吸溶剂。     

固定化烟曲霉吸附染料后的解吸平衡及动力学研究

对羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)固定化灭活烟曲霉小球中的2种活性染料的解吸剂进行了选择,并对其解吸平衡和解吸动力学进行了研究.结果表明,pH值为12.0的75%乙醇溶液对吸附在CMC固定化灭活烟曲霉小球中的活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳红K-2BP的解吸效果较好;一级指数衰减方程能很好地描述对2种活性染料的解吸动力学;解吸平衡数据均可以用Freundlich等温模型来拟合.     

米曲霉氨基酰化酶酶法拆分制备D型芳香族氨基酸

以DL-苯丙氨酸为起始原料,乙酸酐乙酰化后得到N-乙酰DL-苯丙氨酸,利用米曲霉氨基酰化酶立体结构专一催化水解N-酰基-L-氨基酸的酰胺键的特点,分别得到L-苯丙氨酸和N-乙酰D-苯丙氨酸.通过结晶法分离两者后,N-乙酰D-苯丙氨酸经6 mol/L HCI水解得到D-苯丙氨酸.由此拆分DL-苯丙氨酸得到光学纯度分别为98%的L-苯丙氨酸(收率84.8%,以原料N-乙酰-DL-苯丙氨酸的0.5倍摩尔量为理论产率)和92.3%的D-苯丙氨酸(收率89.5%).参22     

Cytotoxic and proinflammatory response of RAW 264.7 cells to differentially fractionated fungal fragments

Although significant research has been carried out for studying the impacts of pure mycotoxins on human cell, little information is known about the direct effects of fungal submicron particles. In this report, murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were exposed to fungal extracts from Stachybotrys chartarum RTI 5802 and Aspergillus versicolor RTI 3843 as well as mixtures from both fungi with fragment sizes ranging from 0.25 to 1?µm. Cell viability was found to be unaffected by all extracts except fragments in the 0.5–1?µm size range from A. versicolor RTI 3843, which decreased cell viability by approximately 60%. IL-1β expression was generally upregulated following exposure to fungal extracts from either S. chartarum RTI 5802 or A. versicolor RTI 3843. However, when extracts from the mixture of both fungi were introduced, IL-1β expression was downregulated. IL-6 and IL-10 expression were also generally upregulated. In comparison to the findings in the literature about the effects of pure mycotoxins on RAW 264.7 cells, the results presented herein show different patterns on mRNA expression which may be a result of the complex composition of the extract in terms of both mycotoxins and other fungal materials in addition to the potential interplay of the different components.     

烟曲霉菌吸附染料的解吸及其机理

研究了烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)生长菌体吸附染料后的解吸情况及其机理。结果表明,吸附有直接染料或活性染料的生长菌体在甲醇体系中均有相当高的解析率;解吸剂溶液的酸碱性对解吸率有很大影响,酸性环境下解吸受到抑制,而碱性环境可显著提高解吸速度和解吸率;初始温度对解吸的影响较小,温度升高,解吸率有所降低;解吸剂用量较少,只需少量解吸剂,吸附在生长菌体中的染料就可比较彻底的解吸出来。采用甲醇解吸吸附有活性艳蓝KN-R的生长菌体的作用机理为,甲醇和染料分子中的磺酸基发生了放热反应,生成了磺酸甲酯。吸附有活性艳蓝KN-R的生长菌体在甲醇体系中的解吸符合一级指数衰减模型,解吸初始阶段,反应速度较快;反应中后期,甲醇要突破缠绕致密的菌丝球和生物膜的障碍才能和染料相接触,因而反应速度较慢。吸附有染料的生长菌体在采用甲醇解吸出吸附在其上的染料后,仍可接入到染料体系中对其进行吸附脱色,且可连续使用3次以上。