蜡状芽孢杆菌不同菌株降解有机磷农药的特性分析

筛选分离降解微生物解决有机磷农药残留给水体和土壤环境带来的污染问题是一项可行的生物修复技术。采用富集培养和定时取样分析有机磷农药残留的方法,分离驯化出三株能够降解有机磷农药的细菌,研究了其形态特征和生理生化特性并对其16SrDNA序列进行了分析,同时比较了三菌株对甲基对硫磷（Methyl－parathion）、毒死蜱（Chlorpyrifos）和_二唑磷（Triazophos）的降解特性。结果表明：通过富集培养得到10菌株具有降解甲基对硫磷和毒死蜱的能力,比较确定HY-1、HY-2和HY-4三菌株作为研究对象,经鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacilluscereus）的不同菌株,三菌株在Genbank上的登录号分别为：eu915687、eu915686和eu915688。在甲基对硫磷质量浓度为50mg·L-1时,三菌株72h的降解率分别为91．7％、87．7％与92．4％．降解率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,当甲基对硫磷质量浓度增加到100mg·L-1时,三菌株对甲基对硫磷的降解率有所下降,其中HY-2对甲基对硫磷的降解率下降最大达23％,且和其他两菌株有显著性差异（P〈0．05o三菌株72h对100mg·L-1毒死蜱的降解率分别达到64．8％、53．7％和56．5％,在不同的毒死蜱初始质量浓度下,HY-1和HY-4两菌株对毒死蜱的降解率无显著性差异（P〉0．05）,HY-2与HY-1、HY-4两菌株有显著性差异（P〈0．05o三菌株对三唑磷的降解率均较低,其中HY-2对初始质量浓度为100mg·L-1三唑磷的降解率最高仅为20．7％,其余两菌株对三唑磷的降解率比HY-2低且无显著性差异（P〉0．05o可以得出本研究分离得到的蜡状芽孢杆菌不同菌株对有机磷农药的降解存在多态性。     

一株产生物絮凝剂的Bacillus sp.的分离与鉴定

从重庆城南污水处理厂的活性污泥中分离筛选到一株絮凝剂产生菌,革兰氏染色呈阳性,好氧,有芽孢,可运动,短杆;分离菌的基因组DNA(G +C)mol%含量测定为5 0 .6 % ,16SrRNA序列分析表明,分离筛选出的絮凝剂产生菌的16SrRNA基因序列与Bacillus菌有高度同源性,从而确定絮凝剂产生菌RL - 2归于Bacillusbrevis菌属。絮凝实验表明:在有CaCl2 存在时用Bacillussp .RL - 2生物絮凝剂处理土壤悬液时用量少(10 0mL样品只需2mL絮凝剂) ,絮体形成快,矾花大,泥少;体系温度对活性影响很小,且在酸性与碱性条件下,絮凝活性均很高     

苏云金芽胞杆菌基因工程菌WG-001和1125BG在盆栽土壤中的安全性评估

自从遗传改造微生物诞生以来,其安全性问题受到了持续关注和研究.本文报道了苏云金芽胞杆菌基因工程菌WG-001和1125BG在盆栽大白菜的土壤环境中的安全性评估结果.实验结果表明:当用工程菌WG-001和1125BG分别以1013 cfu/cm2和1010 cfu/cm2的高土壤密度喷洒盆栽大白菜后,工程菌菌数迅速上升而后逐渐下降,最后分别以相对较低的菌数水平(105 cfu/g干土样和106 cfu/g干土样)在实验土壤中稳定存在;对土壤中土著细菌群落在有限时间(15d)内产生了一定影响,而对土著真菌与放线菌无显著影响;未发现工程菌WG-001中特异基因发生丢失;未检测到工程菌WG-001和1125BG中特异基因(WG-001为cry1Aa和cry1Ac,1125BG为gfp)向土著细菌、真菌、放线菌和盆栽大白菜的水平转移.本文实验结果显示,高密度喷洒的两种工程菌未显著影响实验土壤环境,具有很高的安全性.同时发现以不同的喷药量喷洒两种工程菌后,在盆栽土壤中其存活水平、菌数降低的速率以及对土著细菌的影响能力都表现出不同的特点.     

Identification of Bacillus methylotrophicus and its application in preventing fly maggot production in the environment北大核心CSCD

This research aimed to screen Bacillus spp. to prevent the production of fly maggot on kitchen wastes from soil in the experimental bases of the South China Agricultural University. A nutrient-rich medium was used to isolate the Bacillus spp. with high temperature treatment. The seventeen Bacillus strains were obtained and assigned to three groups by using Insertion Sequence based PCR (IS-PCR) DNA fingerprinting patterns. The homology of the 16S rDNA gene was 100% between Group I and Bacillus methylotrophicus CBMB 205T, 99.61% between Group II and Bacillus aerophilus 28KT, and 99.87% between Group III and Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579T. The results of kitchen waste tests proved that the representative bacteria of Group I RF2 had the ability to prevent fly maggot production on kitchen wastes. Furthermore, the results of physiological and biochemical tests, carbon utilization tests, and antagonists against plant pathogen tests showed that the bacteria from Group I RF2 had the ability to decompose glucose into pyruvate and then decarboxylate pyruvate to diacetyl under alkaline conditions, convert ammonia to intracellular amino acids or other kinds of nitrogenous compounds, use many kinds of carbon source for self-growth, and be antagonistic against plant pathogenic rice sheath blight disease, banana fusarium wilt, and Fusarium oxysporum. Besides, the bacteria from RF2 could secret organic acids to dissolve insoluble phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] for its own growth by decreasing the pH. Group I RF2 was a strong plant-promotion bacterium, and had good prospects of application for preventing fly maggot production on kitchen wastes. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

Degradation of chitin and antagonism in Phomopsis asparagi by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MY001北大核心CSCD

About 10 billion tons of chitin, a natural polymer, is generated annually. However, the utilization of chitin was hindered because of the lack of a clean and effective degradation process. In this study, bacterial strains with chitosanase-producing ability were isolated from soil and identified using 16S rDNA, gyrA, and gyrB gene sequence analysis. In addition, the degradation of insoluble chitin and antifungal capability of the bacterial strains were investigated. One selected isolate was identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain MY001. It showed antagonistic effect on Phomopsis asparagi (Sacc.) Bubak and could degrade insoluble chitin. The combination of chitin/chitosan and MY001 strain could enhance the inhibition on the growth of P. asparagi. In conclusion, strain B. amyloliquefaciens MY001 can directly degrade chitin. The combination of MY001 strain with chitin shows more effective inhibition on P. asparagi growth. These results suggest the direct utilization of chitin against fungal diseases of crops. © 2018 Science Press. All rights reserved.     

利用栗褐芽孢杆菌除藻的试验研究

应用筛选出的溶藻细菌--栗褐芽孢杆菌(Bacillus badius)进行除藻试验,结果表明该溶藻菌种除藻效果显著,对藻类的去除率在70%以上,对氨氮和有机物也有较好的去除效果;栗褐芽孢杆菌通过其分泌的一种特殊物质灭活藻类.     

微生物絮凝剂对高浓度重金属离子废水絮凝作用研究

文章研究了胶质芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mucilaginosus)产生的微生物絮凝剂(MBF)对高浓度重金属离子模拟废水的絮凝作用。采用的方法是将10mLMBF分别加入到100mL含Fe3+、Al3+、Pb2+、Zn2+、Ca2+和Mg2+的模拟废水中,分析MBF对不同重金属离子(浓度范围100~1000mg/L)模拟废水的絮凝作用。结果表明,不同重金属离子模拟废水经MBF处理后,出现明显不同的絮凝现象;随着废水重金属离子浓度增大,絮凝处理效率降低;废水经MBF处理后pH值比原水pH值下降。研究结果为进一步研究微生物絮凝剂处理含重金属离子废水提供参考资料。     

Isolation of Cr(Ⅵ) reducing bacteria from industrial effluents and their potential use in bioremediation of chromium containing wastewater

The present study is aimed at assessing the ability of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and Staphylococcus capitis to reduce hexavalent chromium into its trivalent form.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (4800 μg/mL) and S.capitis could tolerate Cr(Ⅵ) (2800 μg/mL).Both organisms were able to resist Cd2+ (50 μg/mL),Cu2+ (200 μg/mL),Pb2+ (800 μg/mL),Hg2+ (50 μg/mL) and Ni2+ (4000 μg/mL).S.capitis resisted Zn2+ at 700 μg/mL while Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 only showed resistance up to 50 μg/mL.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed optimum growth at pH 6 and 7,respectively,while both bacteria showed optimum growth at 37℃.Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis could reduce 85% and 81% of hexavalent chromium from the medium after 96 h and were also capable of reducing hexavalent chromium 86% and 89%,respectively,from the industrial effluents after 144 h.Cell free extracts of Bacillus sp.JDM-2-1 and S.capitis showed reduction of 83% and 70% at concentration of 10 μg Cr(Ⅵ)/mL,respectively.The presence of an induced protein having molecular weight around 25 kDa in the presence of chromium points out a possible role of this protein in chromium reduction.The bacterial isolates can be exploited for bioremediation of hexavalent chromium containing wastes,since they seem to have the potential to reduce the toxic hexavalent form to its nontoxic trivalent form.     

一株芽孢杆菌及其破乳特性研究

从某油污样品中分离、筛选出一株破乳菌株10#,经鉴定属芽孢杆菌属。该菌株对油田稳定O/W乳化液具明显的破乳效果。该菌株最佳培养条件为:温度30~35℃,pH7.0~7.5,生长时间48~72h,碳源为液体石蜡。该菌株在培养48h后具有明显而稳定的破乳效果,破乳活性部位为菌体。     

耐盐好氧反硝化菌筛选及其反硝化特性的研究

为了筛选耐盐好氧反硝化菌,对活性污泥进行耐盐与好氧反硝化驯化后,分离得到具有很强反硝化能力的菌株GQ-42,经菌落形态特征观察、生理生化测定及16S rDNA测序及同源性比较等过程,鉴定为蜡状芽孢杆菌.通过对菌株GQ-42进行反硝化特性的研究,确定适宜的反硝化条件为:碳氮比≥6,温度26～38℃,pH6.0～9.0,溶...