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81.
Removal of Pb~(2+)and biodegradation of organophosphorus have been both widely investigated respectively. However, bio-remediation of both Pb~(2+)and organophosphorus still remains largely unexplored. Bacillus subtilis FZUL-33, which was isolated from the sediment of a lake, possesses the capability for both biomineralization of Pb~(2+)and biodegradation of acephate. In the present study, both Pb~(2+)and acephate were simultaneously removed via biodegradation and biomineralization in aqueous solutions.Batch experiments were conducted to study the influence of p H, interaction time and Pb~(2+)concentration on the process of removal of Pb2+. At the temperature of 25°C, the maximum removal of Pb~(2+)by B. subtilis FZUL-33 was 381.31 ± 11.46 mg/g under the conditions of p H 5.5, initial Pb~(2+)concentration of 1300 mg/L, and contact time of 10 min. Batch experiments were conducted to study the influence of acephate on removal of Pb~(2+)and the influence of Pb2+on biodegradation of acephate by B. subtilis FZUL-33. In the mixed system of acephate–Pb2+, the results show that biodegradation of acephate by B. subtilis FZUL-33 released PO43+, which promotes mineralization of Pb2+. The process of biodegradation of acephate was affected slightly when the concentration of Pb2+was below 100 mg/L. Based on the results, it can be inferred that the B. subtilis FZUL-33 plays a significant role in bio-remediation of organophosphorus-heavy metal compound contamination. 相似文献
82.
碱性β-聚糖酶产生菌选育及产酶条件优化 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从碱性土样中分离到数十株产碱性β聚糖酶类的细菌,经摇瓶反复筛选后,得到一株碱性β聚糖酶产量较高的耐碱性细菌.经初步鉴定,属短小芽孢杆菌(Baciluspumilus).其纤维素酶作用的最适pH为7.6,最适θ为60℃,木聚糖酶的作用最适pH为9.0,最适θ为55℃.该菌的最适生长pH为8.0,最适产酶θ为28~32℃.木聚糖与山梨糖分别是木聚糖酶和纤维素酶的良好诱导物.以麸皮为碳源,产酶的最适浓度为5%.添加尿素和(NH4)2SO4为氮源可提高纤维素酶酶活2倍,木聚糖酶酶活1倍.发酵周期为60h,纤维素酶酶活最高可达1.21IUmL-1,木聚糖酶酶活可达43IUmL-1. 相似文献
83.
不同土壤胶质芽孢杆菌生理生化特征及其解钾活性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用土壤矿物为K源的硅酸盐细菌选择性培养基,从我国部分省市土壤中筛选到30株胶质芽孢杆菌Bacillus muci-laginosus,以辽宁菌种保藏中心胶质芽孢杆菌LICC10201(编号K31)为参照菌株,对其生理生化特性、耐盐性、耐酸碱性、温度敏感性及解K能力等生物学特性进行了测定.结果表明,30株胶质芽孢杆菌菌体均为杆状,产生椭圆至圆形芽孢.其中K3、K9、K19、K31为短杆状,30株菌株均为G~-.NH_4~+、NO_3~-为良好N源,且能在无N培养基上生长.菌株K5、K12和K31解K能力较强,释放的K比不加菌液对照分别增加2.39倍、2.28和2.27倍;K5、K11、K26、K31在w=3%NaCl的培养基上能生长;在25~30℃范围内供试胶质芽孢杆菌均能良好生长;以上试验数据可为将来微生物肥料的研制提供必要的依据. 相似文献
84.
海水养殖场底泥中转化硫和磷化合物的微生物及其多样性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对福建某近海养虾场底泥环境中硫和磷2种元素的微生物代谢进行了研究.结果表明,细菌代谢有机硫和无机硫产H2S是养殖过程中造成H2S污染的主要因素,利用半胱氨酸和硫代硫酸钠产生硫化氢的细菌数量分别为 1.6×106和4.35×103 个·g-1底泥;进一步研究发现,芽孢杆菌属、盐芽孢杆菌属和微杆菌属等细菌是产H2S的优势菌群,而硫酸盐还原菌的数量较少,仅为25个·g-1,其产H2S的作用不明显.研究还发现,转化有机磷和无机磷酸盐的优势菌群属于好氧细菌,其中分解卵磷脂的细菌和产磷酸酯酶细菌的数量分别为2.17×105和 1.21×106个·g-1,转化磷酸钙的细菌数量为6.96×103个·g-1.本文从微生物学的角度探讨了养殖环境中硫、磷化合物的转化,提出细菌好氧代谢产H2S是养殖环境潜在的污染因素,给出了一些改善和修复养殖环境生态的建议. 相似文献
85.
86.
Himanen SJ Nerg AM Nissinen A Stewart CN Poppy GM Holopainen JK 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(1):181-185
Sustained cultivation of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) transgenic crops requires stable transgene expression under variable abiotic conditions. We studied the interactions of Bt toxin production and chronic ozone exposure in Bt cry1Ac-transgenic oilseed rape and found that the insect resistance trait is robust under ozone elevations. Bt Cry1Ac concentrations were higher in the leaves of Bt oilseed rape grown under elevated ozone compared to control treatment, measured either per leaf fresh weight or per total soluble protein of leaves. The mean relative growth rate of a Bt target herbivore, Plutella xylostella L. larvae was negative on Bt plants in all ozone treatments. On the non-transgenic plants, larval feeding damage was reduced under elevated ozone. Our results indicate the need for monitoring fluctuations in Bt toxin concentrations to reveal the potential of ozone exposure for altering dosing of Bt proteins to target and non-target herbivores in field environments experiencing increasing ozone pollution. 相似文献
87.
一株耐镉细菌的分离及其富集Cd的机理 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
从重金属镉污染土壤中筛选到一株对镉具有较强抗性和富集能力的细菌RC。经形态学观察和生理生化鉴定以及16SrDNA序列分析,RC为蜡状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)。在不同镉浓度液体培养条件下研究了菌体的生长曲线,并探讨了RC菌株对Zn、Cu的抗性,结果显示RC对不同重金属的抗性机制存在一定的差异。利用扫描电镜、透射电镜观察了镉在RC胞内外的沉积作用及分布情况,结果表明,在镉浓度为150 mg/L时菌体细胞壁及其内部可见大量的高电子密度颗粒,同时在菌体表面也有沉淀物附着。因此,胞内外沉积作用可能是该菌对高浓度镉的抗性和富集作用的重要途径。通过红外光谱探讨了RC积累镉前后细胞壁表面化学基团的变化情况,结果发现RC的细胞壁上参与积累作用的化学官能团主要有—OH、—NH、—CO和—CO—NH—等。 相似文献
88.
产中性纤维素酶芽孢杆菌Y106产酶条件优化 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
筛选得到一株高产中性纤维素酶的芽孢杆菌Y106,并对其发酵条件进行了优化,麸皮能够较大幅度地促进产酶,果糖是良好的诱导物,有机氮流促进产酶的效果优于无机氮源,最优的有机氮源是蛋白胨。Fe^3+、Fe^2+、Na^+、Ca^2+可以促进纤维素酶的合成,而Cu^2+、Ag^+、Co^2+、Hg^2+则对合成起遏制作用,在酶反应系统中Fe^3+、Fe^2+、Ca^2+、Mg^2+能激活纤维素酶活性,Co 相似文献
89.
In this study, the surface chemical functional groups of Bacillus cereus biomass were identified by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analytical technique. It had been shown that the B. cereus cells mainly contained carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, amino and amide functional groups. The potentiometric titration was conducted to explain the surface acid-base properties of aqueous B. cereus biomass. The computer program FITEQL 4.0 was used to perform the model calculations. The optimization results indicated that three sitesthree pKas model, which assumed the cell surface to have three distinct types of surface organic functional groups based on the IR analysis results, simulated the experimental results very well. Moreover, batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate biosorption behavior of Cu(Ⅱ) and Pb(Ⅱ) ions onto the biomass. Obviously, the adsorption equilibrium data for the two ions were reasonably described by typical Langmuir isotherm. 相似文献
90.