Geographic Variation in the Seasonal Reproductive Strategy of the Mite Varroa jacobsoni in the Honeybee Nest

Variation in the reproduction of Varroa jacobsoni mite was studied in relation to the expansion of the range of its parasitism on the honeybee. Geographic differences in the seasonal dynamics of mite reproduction in the nests of bee families were revealed. Variation in the sex ratio of mites and the factors inhibiting their reproduction at the northern boundary of the honeybee range are considered. The forms of parthenogenetic reproduction in V. jacobsoni are discussed.     

Comparison of temporal and Spatial Characteristics of Ozone Pollution at Ground Level in the Eastern China

Monitoring data from ozone（O3） automatic stations in three typical cities with different climatic areas in the southern and northern parts of eastern China are used to analyze temporal and spatial characteristics of ozone pollution at ground level. The results show that ozone pollution level has distinct regional differences and the concentration in the suburbs is higher than that in the urban areas. The seasonal variation of ozone concentration in different climatic areas is greatly affected by the variation of precipitation. Ozone concentration in Shenyang and Beijing , in the temperate zone, has one perennial peak concentration, occurring in early summer, May or June. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou, in sub-tropical zone, has two peak values year round. The highest values occur in October and the secondary high value in June. The ozone season in the south is longer than that in the north. The annual average daily peak value of ozone concentrations in different climates usually occur around 3 pm. The diurnal variation range of ozone concentration declines with the increase of latitude. Ozone concentration does not elevate with the increase of traffic flow. Ozone concentration in Guangzhou has a distinct reverse relation to CO and NOx. This complicated non-linearity indicates that the equilibrium of ozone photochemical reaction has regional differences. Exceeding the rate of Beijing＇s lh ozone concentration is higher than that of Guangzhou, whereas the average 8h ozone level is lower than that of Guangzhou, indicating that areas in low latitude are more easily affected by moderate ozone concentrations and longer exposure. Thus, China should work out standards for 8h ozone concentration.     

A case study of spatial variation and enrichment of selected elements in ambient particulate matter around a large coal-fired power station in Central India

The dominant use of coal in power sectors has been associated with adverse environmental impacts. Ambient air monitoring for the two size fractions of particulate matter, respirable suspended particulate matter (RSPM) and non-respirable suspended particulate matter (NRSPM) in the downwind and upwind directions of a large coal-fired power station in central India, was carried out. Collected samples of ambient particulate matter were analysed atomic absorption spectrophotometrically for 15 elements. Spatial variability in elemental composition of RSPM and NRSPM and the degree of enrichment of these toxic metals in RSPM were investigated. A significant spatial variability for the elements in RSPM and NRSPM and higher degrees of enrichment of the elements were observed.     

Variation in certain characters and properties of scotch pine needles in geographic cultures

Morphophysiological and anatomical characters of needles that are used for characterizing infraspecific taxa have been studied in Scotch pine geographic cultures established in the forest-steppe zone of Siberia. Variation in these characters has been revealed, which reflects the polymorphic structure of the species and the effect of natural selection on the composition of populations in new natural-cimatic conditions.     

丹江口水库水质要素变化特征及其相互关系

采用丹江口水库 1987～ 1996年间的水环境常规监测资料 ,应用因子分析方法探讨了丹江口水库不同区域水环境要素变化特征及其相互关系 ,分析表明 :丹江口水库目前水质良好 ,大多数情况下能满足地面水一类水质标准要求 :库区不同断面水体水质要素及污染因子间的相互关系可以用 6个主导因子表达。同一主导因子不同断面标识因子的差异反映了库区不同区域水质分布差异及产生这种差异的环境过程 ;影响库区水质的主要因素是上游随降水产生的面源污染、库周点源排放、水体自净以及气候因素 ,不同断面水质影响因素及其程度存在差异。     

Seasonal variations of Rn concentrations in the air of a tunnel located in Nagano city

The seasonal variation of 222Rn concentrations in the air of tunnels constructed during World War II at Nagano City has been investigated. The determination of 222Rn concentrations in tunnel air was performed using a solid-state nuclear track detector technique. The monthly radon concentrations changed smoothly, decreasing towards winter and increasing towards summer, and it was found that the concentrations strongly correlate with the temperature difference between the inside and the outside of the tunnel. In the innermost areas of the tunnel, the maximum concentration was observed in July, its value being about 6500 Bq m (-3). The concentrations of radon in the tunnel air decrease exponentially towards the openings of the tunnel, which indicates that the radon concentration in the tunnel is basically governed by diffusion and mixing of radon gas with air. These observations lead to the conclusion that the seasonal variation of the radon concentration in the tunnel air is mainly caused by a convection current due to a stack effect induced by the temperature difference between the tunnel air and the outside air.     

贵州红枫湖水体溶解有机质的剖面特征和季节变化

溶解有机氮(dissolved organic nitrogen,DON)与溶解有机碳(dissolved organic carbon,DOC)相结合在湖泊水体溶解有机质(dissolved organic matter,DOM)的研究中少有报道.本研究对贵州喀斯特地区高原性湖泊———红枫湖水体DOC和DON的含量进行了近2a的测定,研究了DOM的剖面特征和季节变化,并探讨了DOM垂向分布和季节变化的影响因素.结果表明,红枫湖DOC的浓度范围为1.60～3.08 mg·L^-1,DON的浓度范围为0.10～0.37 mg·L^-1.在湖水混合期表层和底层的DOC和DON的浓度基本一致,在湖水分层期DOC和DON浓度表现出从表层往底层减小的趋势.表层水体(0～2m或3m)DOC的浓度在春末夏初或夏季达到最大,DON的浓度在春末夏初稍高于其它月份.结合叶绿素和降雨的数据分析认为,藻类活动和陆源输入直接导致了表层水体DOM的季节变化模式.DOM的C/N在一般情况下向下增大,但在夏季南湖的垂向水柱上,DOC和DON的浓度在12m以下增大,C/N从12m的18.1下降为14m的14.9,并向下持续减小,这很有可能是颗粒态有机质发生降解释放出C/N较低的DOM,成为水体内DOM的一个内源.     

Contribution of anthropogenic pollutants to the increase of tropospheric ozone levels in the Oporto Metropolitan Area, Portugal since the 19th century

The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the contribution of anthropogenic pollutants to the increase of tropospheric ozone levels in the Oporto Metropolitan Area (Portugal) since the 19th century. The study was based on pre-industrial and recent data series, the results being analyzed according to the atmospheric chemistry. The treatment of ozone and meteorological data was performed by classical statistics and by time-series analysis. It was concluded that in the 19th century the ozone present in the troposphere was not of photochemical origin, being possible to consider the respective concentrations as reference values. For recent data a cycle of 8h for ozone concentrations could be related to traffic. Compared to the 19th century, the current concentrations were 147% higher (252% higher in May) due to the increased photochemical production associated with the increased anthropogenic emissions.     

爆炸波在饱和土介质中传播时压力变化规律的试验研究

介绍了在Φ900平面波加载器中进行的饱和土爆炸波传播试验,通过试验比较系统地研究了爆炸波在饱和土自由场中的传播规律及其在刚性边界上的反射问题。试验表明饱和土中的气体含量是控制波传播规律的主要因素,在深度方向上自由场应力峰值可能随深度增加,而在刚性边界上荷载反射系数可能>2。对饱和土与非饱和土中波传播规律的区别,在确定饱和土中结构的设计荷载时必须给予极大的关注。