地震学综合定量预报方法在华东地区地震预测中的应用研究

本文应用地震学综合定量预报方法,结合区域地震活动特点,在华东地区进行了分区实际预报效能检验.结果表明该方法在华东地区有5个区域通过R值检验,效果较好,有4个区域未能通过R值检验;并对通过检验的区域地震活动趋势进行了分析.     

抗压实验法厌氧颗粒污泥机械强度的测定及影响因素分析

通过首先对厌氧颗粒污泥样品进行筛分,然后测定其机械强度,解决了实际操作过程中现有抗压实验法出现的精确度与重现性较差的问题。通过对不同来源厌氧颗粒污泥样品机械强度的测定、对比分析发现,厌氧颗粒污泥的机械强度大小与反应器的规模、反应器所采用水力负荷存在一定的正相关性,且与其主要金属元素（Ca、Fe和Mg）含量的大小存在着密切的关系。     

武汉市幼儿园降尘Pb污染特征及其生物有效性

幼儿园降尘铅污染是儿童对环境铅暴露的重要途径.从武汉市不同功能区幼儿园采集69个降尘样品,分析了其中铅的含量与空间分布,同时根据体外模拟实验方法（PBET）研究降尘中铅的生物可给行,目的是阐明武汉市幼儿园降尘铅的分布特征、污染程度,评估降尘中的铅对人体（尤其是儿童）的生物有效性.结果表明,武汉市幼儿园降尘中全铅含量为36.3～1 523mg.kg-1,平均值为169 mg.kg-1;与国内外部分城市对比发现,武汉市降尘中铅含量水平较低.武汉市降尘中铅分布空间差异大,局部污染严重.降尘铅在胃和小肠阶段的生物可给性分别为35%±15%和7.6%±5.8%.采用国际上认可度较高的综合暴露吸收生物动力学模型（IEUBK）,预测儿童（0～6）岁群体环境铅暴露后血铅几何均值2.73μg.dL-1;超过10μg.dL-1的概率〈0.001%,超过5μg.dL-1的概率为3.32%.     

辛基酚的体内类雌激素活性评价

利用体内大鼠子宫增重试验检测辛基酚（OP）的类雌激素活性，并对其观测终点及影响因素进行了初步研究。结果显示，OP经大鼠体内染毒，可引起大鼠子宫湿重、子宫内皮细胞厚度、子宫腺数量明显增加，具有明显的类雌激素活性。三条染毒途径检测敏感度腹腔染毒＞经皮下染毒＞经灌胃染毒。     

旱地长期定位施肥对土壤剖面硝态氮分布与累积的影响

在 １５ ａ长期定位试验基础上研究了黄土高原旱地长期施用不同用量和配比的氮、磷肥对土壤剖面中硝态氮分布和累积的影响。结果表明：长期大量施用氮肥,在土壤剖面 １００～１８０ ｃｍ之间形成硝态氮累积层,峰值出现在 １４０ ｃｍ处,最大值为 ６７．９２ｍｇ／ｋｇ（单施 Ｎ １８０ ｋｇ／ｈｍ~２）; 配合施用磷肥可以降低土壤剖面硝态氮质量分数,根据试验,提出了旱地合理施肥的氮磷肥用量。     

Validation of a booted finite element model of the WIAMan ATD lower limb in component and whole-body vertical loading impacts with an assessment of the boot influence model on response

Objective: A novel anthropomorphic test device (ATD) representative of the 50th percentile male soldier is being developed to predict injuries to a vehicle occupant during an underbody blast (UBB). The main objective of this study was to develop and validate a finite element (FE) model of the ATD lower limb outfitted with a military combat boot and to insert the validated lower limb into a model of the full ATD and simulate vertical loading experiments.

Methods: A Belleville desert combat boot model was assigned contacts and material properties based on previous experiments. The boot model was fit to a previously developed model of the barefoot ATD. Validation was performed through 6 matched pair component tests conducted on the Vertically Accelerated Loads Transfer System (VALTS). The load transfer capabilities of the FE model were assessed along with the force-mitigating properties of the boot. The booted lower limb subassembly was then incorporated into a whole-body model of the ATD. Two whole-body VALTS experiments were simulated to evaluate lower limb performance in the whole body.

Results: The lower limb model accurately predicted axial loads measured at heel, tibia, and knee load cells during matched pair component tests. Forces in booted simulations were compared to unbooted simulations and an amount of mitigation similar to that of experiments was observed. In a whole-body loading environment, the model kinematics match those recorded in experiments. The shape and magnitude of experimental force–time curves were accurately predicted by the model. Correlation between the experiments and simulations was backed up by high objective rating scores for all experiments.

Conclusion: The booted lower limb model is accurate in its ability to articulate and transfer loads similar to the physical dummy in simulated underbody loading experiments. The performance of the model leads to the recommendation to use it appropriately as an alternative to costly ATD experiments.     

高职高专英语课程考试的改革与实践

目前,高职高专英语课程考试仍存在试题设计不太科学、考试内容与教学要求不一致等问题,本文结合高职高专办学目标以及教育考试的实际,提出了在高职高专教育英语考试改革过程中,应着重从改革考试评价、改革考试形式及评估方法等方面入手,使考试与教学形成良性互动,构建了新的教育考试模式。     

磷石膏制硫酸钾中试研究

以湿法磷酸副产的磷石膏和工业品氯化钾为原料 ,采用两步法 ,常温常压下 ,在 5 0 0 0t a工业化装置中 ,生产符合国标ZBG2 10 0 6 89农用一级品硫酸钾。整个过程流程较简单 ,能耗低 ,投资省 ,基本无“三废”排放。钾的收率达70 %。工艺条件稳定 ,产品质量稳定。中试结果与小试有较好的重复性 ,放大效果好。     

热力管加热桥面抗冰融冰试验研究

为了研究热力管加热桥面抗冰融冰对于公路交通安全的影响,制作了尺寸为600 mm×600 mm×380 mm的桥梁试件,在人工环境室对热力管融冰进行了模型试验。结果表明:试件上表面温升速率和融冰时间取决于热力管间距、隔热层、风速、环境温度和热力管外表面温度。在相同工况条件下,100 mm间距的热力管融冰能力要大于150 mm间距的热力管,无隔热层时,100 mm间距热力管向上传递的热量占总加热量的13.4%,融冰时间为211 min;150 mm间距热力管向上传递的热量占总加热量的18.3%,融冰时间为271 min。在热力管层下面铺设厚度为2 mm、导热系数为0.062 W/（m· K）的隔热材料后,100 mm间距热力管向上传递的热量占总加热量的46.9%,融冰时间为175 min;150 mm间距热力管向上传递的热量占总加热量的51.9%,融冰时间为161 min。热力管层铺设隔热材料可有效阻止热量向下传递,从而缩短融冰时间。     

Morphology and composition of particles emitted from a port fuel injection gasoline vehicle under real-world driving test cycles

Traffic vehicles, many of which are powered by port fuel injection (PFI) engines, are major sources of particulate matter in the urban atmosphere. We studied particles from the emission of a commercial PFI-engine vehicle when it was running under the states of cold start, hot start, hot stabilized running, idle and acceleration, using a transmission electron microscope and an energy-dispersive X-ray detector. Results showed that the particles were mainly composed of organic, soot, and Ca-rich particles, with a small amount of S-rich and metal-containing particles, and displayed a unimodal size distribution with the peak at 600?nm. The emissions were highest under the cold start running state, followed by the hot start, hot stabilized, acceleration, and idle running states. Organic particles under the hot start and hot stabilized running states were higher than those of other running states. Soot particles were highest under the cold start running state. Under the idle running state, the relative number fraction of Ca-rich particles was high although their absolute number was low. These results indicate that PFI-engine vehicles emit substantial primary particles, which favor the formation of secondary aerosols via providing reaction sites and reaction catalysts, as well as supplying soot, organic, mineral and metal particles in the size range of the accumulation mode. In addition, the contents of Ca, P, and Zn in organic particles may serve as fingerprints for source apportionment of particles from PFI-engine vehicles.