金属压力容器水压试验声发射检测

通过对容积为504．94m3的某型号压力容器出厂前水压试验的声发射检测,分析了其在升压和保压过程中的声发射信号特征及其来源。结合AE信号参数、波形及定位图分析,对该容器进行了声发射活性评价,确定需要后续复检的强活性区域。文章为压力容器的声发射检测和安全评价提供了理论指导和参考数据。     

广西桂林市全州县测土配方施肥水稻“3414”肥料效应田间试验结果分析

在广西桂林市全州县中等肥力土壤上的5年试验结果表明：水稻栽培增施N、P、K三要素肥料均具有增产效果,增产增幅N〉K〉P;全州县水稻栽培推荐的最大施肥量分别为N12.7 kg·666.7 m^-2,P 4.0 kg·666.7 m^-2,K 9.5 kg·666.7 m^-2;最佳施肥量分别为N11.7 kg·666.7 m^-2,P 3.5 kg·666.7 m^-2,K7.5 kg·666.7 m^-2。本研究结果为全州县测土配方施肥成果应用提供了依据。     

紫外法测定水质中总氮的影响因素研究

结合紫外法测定水质中总氮空白校正吸光度值易偏高、测定结果准确度低的问题,分别从检测试剂含氮量、选择实验用水、清洗玻璃器皿、改进实验操作、改进消解环境等多个方面分析了各影响因素对总氮测定的影响,相应提出了采用测定含氮量的方法筛选试剂、新制备的去离子水作为总氮实验用水、每次总氮实验使用新刷好的器皿、增加颠倒混匀步骤提高测定结果的准确度和精密度、高压蒸汽灭菌器应定时清洗换水等对策与建议。     

基于PLC的电器能效测试系统设计

文章通过介绍一种基于PLC并符合GB 21519-2008要求的储水式热水器能效测试系统设计方案,研究PLC在电器能效测试的应用。该系统采用PLC作为下位机,控制电磁阀通断给所检测的样品供水和排水,通过读取能耗检测元件信号计算出能耗值,通过重量传感器输出量的变化换算得出储水式热水器的容积,利用温度模块测得样机各点的温度值;上位机采用PC机,利用组态软件,对现场实施监控与数据实时处理,通过友好的界面快速、实时、准确分析、计算、储存能效值。该系统的设计能有效地提高能效测试的可靠性和工作效率。     

涂层划痕腐蚀试验标准的对比与分析

本文对现有标准中的涂层划痕腐蚀评价标准进行了对比,分析了各个标准对划痕腐蚀宽度测量方法差异,对比分析结果可为检测人员提供技术指导。     

两点激励振动试验时结构模态对控制效果的影响分析

飞机外挂等细长体试件的两点激励振动试验方法在国内外已经开始较广泛应用。因试件动力学的复杂特性经常造成两点激励振动试验控制超差甚至无法控制,因此在试验前有必要对试件开展模态等动力学特性分析。针对某模拟外挂的试验件及试验夹具开展了有限元模态分析,在两点激励试验前对试验中容易出现控制超差的危险频率点进行了预判。随后开展的两点激励振动试验结果证明了预判的正确性以及试验前开展动力学分析的必要性。     

110种树木对模拟酸雨和SO2单一和复合暴露的反应

用喷淋法对110种供试树木的枝条分别进行不同pHAR处理和在开顶式熏气罩内进行不同浓度的SO2暴露试验，以及先喷AR后接触SO2的复合暴露试验．结果表明，不同树种对AR和SO2暴露显示了不同的抗耐性和敏感性．     

2种浸出方法对水泥熟料的适用性比较

采用2种不同类型的代表性浸出方法:TCLP和NEN7371对不同重金属含量及不同烧制条件下所得水泥熟料进行浸出实验.结果表明,NEN7371方法下各样品中所有受试重金属几乎均有检出,大部分重金属的浸出率均高于10%;重金属的浸出浓度与其在熟料样品中含量的趋势对应性较好;TCLP方法下各样品中的受试重金属均只有部分检出,且浸出率一般在0.5%左右,浸出浓度很低,仪器检测误差较大.说明在考察水泥熟料中重金属的浸出特性时,NEN7371方法的适用性相对更好.     

Concentrations, distribution, and bioaccumulation of synthetic musks in the Haihe River of China

Seven typical synthetic musks (SMs) in the samples from the surface water, sediment and fish of the Haihe River were measured. The SM concentrations in the sediment and surface water of the Haihe River were significantly lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Along the flow direction, the SM concentrations in surface water and sediment tended to increase from the upstream to the downstream of Dagu Drainage River. The Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of galaxolide (HHCB) and tonalide (AHTN) were calculated at high levels in the muscles of crucian carp, common carp, and silver carp. Most of the biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAFs) for HHCB and AHTN were higher than 1.7, suggesting magnification possibly exist in the musk bioaccumulations of the three fishes in the Haihe River. No significant differences in HHCB/AHTN ratios were observed among the water, fish, and sediment samples (p > 0.05). However, the HHCB/AHTN values in the Haihe River were much lower than those in the Dagu Drainage River and Chentaizi Drainage River (p < 0.05). Compared with several typical persistent organic pollutants (POPs), the musk concentrations were higher or comparable in the Haihe River.     

Accumulation and distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rice (Oryza sativa)

Various tissues of rice plants were sampled from a PAH contaminated site in Tianjin, China at different growth stages of the ripening period and analyzed for PAHs. PAHs were much higher in roots than in the exposed tissues. Grains and internodes accumulated much smaller amounts of PAHs than leaves, hulls or ear axes. No specific gradient trends along roots, stem, ear axes, and grains were observed, suggesting that systematic translocation among them is unlikely. Over the ripening period, PAH concentrations were increased in rice roots and decreased in most above-ground tissues. Significant correlations between PAH and lipid contents can only be observed during full mature stage. The spectra of individual PAH compounds in rice organs including roots were similar to those in air, rather than those in soil. There was also a significant correlation between bioconcentration factor (BCF, plant over air) and octanol/air partitioning coefficient (Koa).