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81.
单条草化学成分的研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
首次从单条草全草中分离出10个化合物,经MS,1H-NMR和13C-NMR等波谱分析分别鉴定为山奈酚(1),紫云英苷(2),山奈酚-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基(1→2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(3),槲皮素(4),槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(5),(R)-2-羟基-3-苯基-丙酸甲酯(6),(R)-2-羟基-3-苯基丙酸(7),菠甾醇(8),豆甾醇(9)和棕榈酸(10)其中3是该植物的主要成分,为首次从珍珠菜属植物中分离得到。 相似文献
82.
Haiquan Zhao Jie Hong Xiaohong Yu Xiaoyang Zhao Lei Sheng Yuguan Ze Xuezi Sang Suxin Gui Qingqing Sun Ling Wang Fashui Hong 《Chemosphere》2013
Environmental pollution from lanthanides (Ln) has been recognized as a major problem due to a grab exploitation of Ln mine in China. Exposure to Ln has been demonstrated to cause the nephrotoxicity, very little is known about the mechanism of oxidative damage to kidney in animals. In order to understand Ln-induced nephrotoxicity, various biochemical and chemical parameters were assayed in mouse kidney. Intragastric exposures of LaCl3, CeCl3, and NdCl3 at doses of 2, 5, and 10 mg kg−1 BW for 90 consecutive days caused nephritis or epithelial cell necrosis and oxidative stress to kidney. An increase in coefficients of the kidney, La, Ce, and Nd accumulation and histopathological changes in the kidney could be observed, followed by increased reactive oxygen species production and peroxidation levels of lipid, protein and DNA, and decreased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase and glutathione reductase as well as antioxidants such as glutathione, ascorbic acid and thiol contents. Furthermore, La, Ce, and Nd significantly suppressed expression of genes and proteins of these antioxidative enzymes in mouse kidney. In addition, kidney functions were disrupted, including an increase of the creatinine, and reductions of uric acid, urea nitrogen, calcium and phosphonium. These findings suggest that nephritis generation or epithelial cell necrosis in mice following exposure to Ln is closely associated with oxidative stress. Of these damages, the most severe was in the Ce3+-exposed kidneys, next in the Nd3+-exposed kidneys, and the least in the La3+-exposed kidneys, which may be attributed to the 4f electron of Ln. 相似文献
83.
Extensive use of pharmaceuticals in human and veterinary medicine and aquaculture practices pose a serious threat to aquatic organisms. In the present investigation, Cirrhinus mrigala an Indian major carp was exposed to different concentrations of clofibric acid (CA) and diclofenac (DCF) and certain biochemical and ionoregulatory responses were assessed under short and long term exposures. During short-term (96 h) exposure period, plasma glucose and sodium (Na+) levels were increased at all concentrations (1, 10 and 100 μg L−1) of CA and DCF treated fish. Plasma protein and chloride (Cl−) levels were found to be decreased at all concentrations of CA and DCF exposed fish comparatively to control groups. Meanwhile an increase in plasma potassium (K+) level was noted in fish exposed to CA treatments alone and in DCF treatments it was decreased. In long-term exposure (35 d), plasma Na+ and Cl− levels were found to be significantly increased at all concentration of CA and DCF. However, a biphasic trend was observed in plasma glucose, protein and K+ levels. In both the treatments, a significant (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) changes were observed in all parameters measured in fish exposed to different concentrations of CA and DCF. The results of the present investigation indicate that both the drugs caused significant changes in biochemical and ionoregulatory responses of fish at all concentrations. The alterations of these parameters can be useful in monitoring of pharmaceutical residues present in aquatic environment. 相似文献
84.
Hideyuki Inui Keiko Gion Yasushi Utani Taketo Wakai Susumu Kodama Heesoo Eun 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(1):59-65
The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 carrying the recombinant mouse aryl hydrocarbon receptor XD4V-mediated β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene expression system was used for assay of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds consisting of polychlorinated dibenzeno-p-dioxins, polychlorinated dibenzofurans, and coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (Co-PCBs) in actually contaminated soils. The transgenic tobacco plant XD4V-26 showed a significant dose-dependent induced GUS activity when cultured on MS medium containing PCB126 [toxic equivalency factor (TEF) = 0.1]. In contrast, PCB169 and PCB180, which have 0.03 of TEF and unassigned TEF values, respectively, did not significantly induce GUS activity under the same conditions as with PCB126. When the tobacco plants were cultivated for up to 5 weeks on actually contaminated soils with dioxins and dioxin-like compounds collected from the periphery of an incinerator used for disposal of residential and industrial wastes, GUS activity in the leaves was dose-dependently increased. The plants clearly detected 360 pg-TEQ g?1 of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in this assay. There was a positive correlation between GUS activity and TEQ value of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds in the plants. This assay does not require any extraction and purification processes for the actually contaminated soil samples. 相似文献
85.
通过固定床实验系统模拟烟气脱除Hg0的实验,研究了O2、HCl、NO、SO2、H2O和NH3对滤袋常用的聚苯硫醚(PPS)纤维负载V2O5-WO3/TiO2新型催化剂后脱除烟气中Hg0的影响,并分析其影响机理。结果表明,在温度为200℃、高纯N2气氛下,Hg0的脱除率很低,加入4%O2后,脱除率有所增加;0.05‰HCl条件下Hg0的脱除率仅为5%,而0.01‰HCl与4%O2并存的条件下,脱除率明显提高;NO对Hg0的催化氧化促进作用不是很显著;SO2对Hg0氧化具有毒害作用;H2O和NH3可抑制Hg0的脱除,O2的存在可抵消NH3的部分抑制作用。 相似文献
86.
A potential new commercial method for processing leather to reduce environmental impact 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bhavan S Rao JR Nair BU 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2008,15(4):293-295
INTRODUCTION: Current leather processing method involves dehairing and fibre opening employing lime and sulphide, which results in higher negative impact on the environment due to its uncleanness. This method of dehairing and fibre-opening process accounts for nearly 70-80% biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in tannery wastewater and also the generation of H(2)S gas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Hence, an attempt has been made to reduce the environmental impact of the leather processing through a biochemical approach, employing proteolytic enzyme and sodium metasilicate for performing the above process more cleanly. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The developed process exhibits significant reduction in environmental parametres such as COD and total solid loads by 55% and 25%, respectively. This method completely avoids the formation of lime sludge. CONCLUSION: The functional properties of the leathers are also on par with conventionally processed leathers. Further, the process seems to be commercially viable. 相似文献
87.
Renella G Landi L Ascher J Ceccherini MT Pietramellara G Mench M Nannipieri P 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,152(3):702-712
We studied the effectiveness of remediation on microbial endpoints, namely microbial biomass and activity, microbial and plant species richness, of an As-contaminated mine spoil, amended with compost (C) alone and in combination with beringite (B) or zerovalent iron grit (Z), to increase organic matter content and reduce trace elements mobility, and to allow Holcus lanatus and Pinus pinaster growth. Untreated spoil showed the lowest microbial biomass and activity and hydrolase activities, and H. lanatus as sole plant species, whereas the presented aided phytostabilisation option, especially CBZ treatment, significantly increased microbial biomass and activity and allowed colonisation by several plant species, comparable to those of an uncontaminated sandy soil. Microbial species richness was only increased in spoils amended with C alone. No clear correlation occurred between trace element mobility and microbial parameters and plant species richness. Our results indicate that the choice of indicators of soil remediation practices is a bottleneck. 相似文献
88.
水质的生化需氧量(BOD5)稀释与接种法测定结果不确定度评定 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实际工作中,运用测量过程的合并样本标准差来评定A类不确定度比较客观。本文根据JJF1059—1999《测量不确定度评定与表示》,通过实例,阐述了用稀释接种法测定水中生化需氧量不确定度的评定方法。 相似文献
89.
90.
生化需氧量测定中若干因素探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
沈叔平 《环境监测管理与技术》2007,19(4):46-47
介绍了生化需氧量的方法建立过程,指出测定生化需氧量时,除了温度对测定有影响外,pH值、无机盐类、微生物种类和数量、稀释度、硝化作用、缓冲剂,以及充分的营养和毒性物质的存在与否都会对测定结果有影响. 相似文献