长波紫外线对M13mp2噬菌体的致突变作用

以野生型大肠菌CSH50及mutM缺陷的大肠菌MF67为宿主,检测了长波紫外线（UVA）对M13mp2噬菌体单链DNAlacZα基因区域的致突变能力。结果显示,UVA照射可引起噬菌体lacZα基因区域的突变,在mutM缺陷的宿主中,UVA照射的致突变作用更明显。进一步研究了抗氧化剂甘露醇对UVA照射致突变作用的影响,结果显示,0.1mol/L的甘露醇可以部分拮抗UVA的致突变作用。说明UVA照射具有致突变作用,这种作用可能与DNA的氧化损伤有关     

一株高效解磷细菌的紫外诱变选育及其在红壤稻田施用效果

红壤对磷有强大吸附固定力,磷肥易被土壤中活性铁、铝固定而使有效态磷转化为各种形态的非有效磷,从而大大降低磷肥的利用率。解磷菌能使土壤中难溶性或不溶性的磷转化为易于被植物吸收利用的磷。通过对江西鹰潭红壤分离筛选并经过紫外诱变获得一株性状稳定的高效解磷细菌Y8。经鉴定,菌株Y8为蜡状芽孢杆菌（Bacillus cereus）。通过与生产中应用的徐州华龙高效复合菌肥厂的解磷细菌X3相比,菌株Y8降解有机磷、溶解Ca3（PO4）2的能力均比较高,分别为155.3mg·L^-1和240.1mg·L^-1。研究各种理化因子对菌株Y8解磷能力的影响,确定了菌株Y8的最佳培养条件为葡萄糖20g·L^-1、NH4（SO4）21.5g·L^-1、pH7.0、温度为35℃,在该条件下菌株Y8溶解Ca3（PO4）2的量为295.6mg·L^-1。在江西鹰潭红壤稻田的施用试验表明,将菌株Y8制成微生物菌剂施用于水稻田可起到减施化肥的作用。     

高浓度聚合氯化铁混凝剂的净水效果

采用共聚方法制备聚合氯化铁混凝剂．试验了它对模拟水的除浊和脱色效果,对高、中、低浊度的地表水以及炼油废水的处理效果．实验结果表明：与FeCl3相比,聚合氯化铁(PFC)具有更好的除浊、脱色效果,COD去除率、除油率的效果大大提高;W／Fe摩尔比对PFC混凝效果的影响不尽相同,在实际水处理中,应根据处理对象的不同,选择合适的参数以达到最佳的混凝效果．     

沈阳城市热岛变化趋势及其与TSP相关关系的初步分析

利用 1970～ 1999年 30a的沈阳市和其周边的几个观测站的年均地面温度资料、1987～ 1996年沈阳市TSP浓度的观测资料、2 0 0 2年 11月的沈阳市地面逐时温度观测资料以及 2 0 0 2年 11月的TSP浓度的观测资料 ,对沈阳市的城市热岛年际、日变化情况统计分析研究 ,找出了城市热岛的一些变化规律 ,并对这些规律与TSP浓度关系进行分析研究。结果表明 ,沈阳的热岛强度有逐年增强的趋势 ,冬季夜间增强尤为明显。TSP的浓度与热岛的增强呈正相关。     

Gaseous mercury emissions from unsterilized and sterilized soils: The effect of temperature and UV radiation

Mercury (Hg) emissions from the soils taken from two different sites (deciduous and coniferous forests) in the Adirondacks were measured in outdoor and laboratory experiments. Some of the soil samples were irradiated to eliminate biological activity. The result from the outdoor measurements with different soils suggests the Hg emission from the soils is partly limited by fallen leaves covering the soils which helps maintain relatively high soil moisture and limits the amount of heat and solar radiation reaching the soil surface. In laboratory experiments exposure to UV-A (365 nm) had no significant effect on the Hg emissions while the Hg emissions increased dramatically during exposure to UV-B (302 nm) light suggesting UV-B directly reduced soil-associated Hg. Overall these results indicate that for these soils biotic processes have a relatively constant and smaller influence on the Hg emission from the soil than the more variable abiotic processes.     

生物质能源发展的市场环境培育分析——以湖北省为例

生物质能源作为可再生能源的重要组成部分,其在替代能源、环境保护、减少碳排放,促进农民增效方面具有重要作用。以资源贫乏、能源短缺的湖北省作为生物质能源发展市场环境培育分析的研究对象,具有一定的代表性。通过深入分析生物质能源原料市场、产品市场、技术市场的发展现状,得知生物质能源发展的政策法规不完善、市场保障机制体系不健全、公众能源意识淡薄、投融资体制不顺畅、技术研发创新难是制约其产业发展的主要因素。因此对生物质能源发展的市场环境培育提出3方面建议：在政策法规层面,政府需要制定保护性政策来调控市场,以弥补市场力量的不足,并界定好生物质能源产业的发展方向;在监管体系层面,需要设立严格的生物质能源市场准入门槛和有效的定价机制,防止生物质能源过度发展;在企业经营层面,实施生物质能源企业集群带动战略,提升核心竞争力。     

紫外分光光度法测定水和废水中硫化物

对紫外分光光度法测定水和废话中硫化物的方法进行了研究,试验了稳定时间、干扰物质、碱溶液浓度对测定的影响,提出了最佳测定条件。该方法检测限为０．０４ｍｇ／Ｌ,相对标准偏为１．４％,加标回收率在９１．６％～１０１．９％之间。     

紫外分光光度法测定水中元素磷

研究了元素磷在紫外光区的吸收光谱,建立了紫外分光光度法测定元素磷的分析方法,该方法不需酸化,氧化,可在萃取后直接比色测定,该方法具有成本低,曲线线性好,灵敏度较高,准确度,精密度均好等特点,有推广价值。     

Size and resin fractionations of dissolved organic matter and trihalomethane precursors from four typical source waters in China

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its potential to form disinfection by-products (DBPs) during drinking water treatment raise challenges to water quality control. Understanding both chemical and physical characteristics of DOM in source waters is key to better water treatment. In this study, the DOM from four typical source waters in China was fractionated by XAD resin adsorption (RA) and ultrafiltration (UF) techniques. The trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) of all fractions in the DOM were investigated to reveal the major THM precursors. The fraction distributions of DOM could be related to their geographical origins in a certain extent. The dominant chemical fraction as THM precursors in the DOM from south waters (East-Lake reservoir in Shenzhen and Peal rivers in Guangzhou) was hydrophobic acid (HoA). The size fraction with molecular weight (MW) <1 kDa in both south waters had the highest THMFP. The results of cluster analysis showed that the parameters of fractions including DOC percentage (DOC%), UV₂₅₄%, SUVA₂₅₄ (specific UV₂₅₄ absorbance) and THMFP were better for representing the differences of DOM from the studied waters than specific THMFP (STHMFP). The weak correlation between SUVA₂₅₄ and STHMFP for either size or XAD fractions suggests that whether SUVA₂₅₄ can be used as an indicator for the reactivity of THM formation is highly dependent on the nature of organic matter.     

BOD5 Estimation by Using UV Absorption and COD for Rapid Industrial Effluent Monitoring

The study dealt with the method to predict the BOD₅ in effluent from industrial wastewater by using the UV absorption from two wavelengths, 260 and 550 nm. The interference from suspended solids was reduced. In the same time, COD was used as the secure value to calculate BOD₅. From the representative wastewater treatment plants, the estimated effluent BOD₅ of wastewater from the Para rubber industry showed an average error at ±2.97 mg/l. While it was at ±3.31 mg/l, for frozen seafood industry. The simple mathematic equations in this study gave the assuring method for BOD₅ estimation without time consuming.