紫球藻的载体培养研究

通过对紫球藻的载体培养进行的较详细研究，获得了适合于紫球藻培养的理想载体；采用载体培养条件的优化和流加营养物质、通气培养以及半连续培养等培养手段，显著提高了紫球藻细胞的质量浓度（ρｍａｘ ＝５．５２ ｇ Ｌ－ １） ． 实验结果表明，利用载体法培养紫球藻不仅能有效地实现高密度培养，易于实现该微藻的连续或半连续培养，而且为细胞的采收带来了很大的方便     

1961-2007年期间南宁紫外线辐射的变化趋势及其与皮肤癌发病相关分析

采用2002年9月至2005年10月逐日太阳总辐射、云量、太阳天顶角、臭氧、水汽压、空气污染物和紫外线辐射资料,建立了基于气象要素推算紫外线曝辐量的模型;采用该模型重建1961-2007逐日紫外线曝辐量资料,从年、春、夏、秋、冬不同尺度分析重建序列的特征;采用1991-2003年皮肤癌发病人数资料,分析紫外线曝辐量与各类皮肤癌发病人数相关性;对未来紫外线变化进行展望。主要结论有:1961-2007年,南宁紫外线曝辐量年平均日值为95.83 W.h/m2;绝对变率以夏季最大,相对变率以冬季最大,秋季绝对变率和相对变率均最小;年平均和春、夏、秋季紫外线曝辐量有微弱的下降趋势,冬季下降趋势明显;突变主要发生在1970 s中后期至1980 s初期和1990 s初期;年和各季最显著的周期是准7年,夏季还有明显的11年周期;1991-2003年鳞状细胞癌发病人数与紫外线曝辐量相关显著;基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、恶性黑色瘤3种皮肤癌均好发于高紫外线辐射时间;展望2050年以前紫外线变化情况,认为:偏高年份可能在2017、2031、2045年附近,偏低年份可能在2010、2024、2038年附近。     

UV/H2O2催化氧化去除微囊藻毒素-LR

研究了UV/H2O2氧化降解微污染水体中微囊藻毒素MC-LR的效果,探讨了各种因素如H2O2浓度、pH值、光强、MC-LR浓度及反应时间对降解的影响.UV和H2O2氧化去除MC-LR具有协同作用,H2O2在UV照射下产生的羟基自由基对MC-LR有很强的氧化能力.MC-LR的降解过程可用准一级反应速率方程和二级反应速率方程拟合.反应速率常数随MC-LR的起始浓度增加而减少,反应半衰期随MC-LR的起始浓度增加而延长.在H2O2浓度为1.0 mmol/L、反应温度为(25.5±1)℃、pH值为6.8、光强2.5×104 lux及反应时间60 min的条件下,质量浓度为0.203 mg/L的MC-LR的去除率可以达到80.8%.结果表明,UV/H2O2氧化体系能有效地降解MC-LR.     

Decomposition of aqueous chlorinated contaminants by UV irradiation with H2O2

In the present study, the decomposition rates of carbon tetrachloride (CCl₄) and 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) in water by the ultraviolet (UV) light irradiation alone and H₂O₂/UV were experimentally investigated. The detailed experimental studies have been conducted for examining treatment capacities of the two different ultraviolet light sources (low and medium pressure Hg arc) in H₂O₂/UV processes. The low or medium UV lamp alone resulted in a 60%–90% decomposition of 2,4-DCP while a slight addition of H₂O₂ resulted in a drastic enhancement of the 2,4-DCP decomposition rate. The decomposition rate of 2,4-DCP with the medium pressure UV lamp alone was about 3–6 times greater than the low pressure UV lamp alone. In the direct photolysis of aqueous CCl₄, the medium pressure UV lamp had advantage over the low pressure UV lamp because the molar extinction coefficient of CCl₄ at shorter wavelength (210–220 nm) is about 20 to 50 times higher than that at 254 nm. However, adding H₂O₂ to the medium pressure UV lamp system rendered a negative oxidation rate because H₂O₂ acted as a UV absorber being competitive with CCl₄ due to negligible reaction between CCl₄ and OH radicals. The results from the present study indicated significant influence of the photochemical properties of the target contaminants on the photochemical treatment characteristics for designing cost-effective UV-based degradation of toxic contaminants.     

焦化废水尾水中被O3/UV氧化的组分辨析及关键组分动力学

经过生物和化学选择性降解后残留在焦化废水尾水中的多种惰性组分,仍会对人体和水生生态系统构成重大的风险,因此将焦化废水进行深度净化是一个亟待解决的问题.以焦化废水尾水为研究对象,采用自主研制的O3/UV催化氧化流化床反应器,从焦化废水尾水成分出发,对焦化废水尾水能被O3/UV和重铬酸钾氧化的物质构成进行剖析,考察了pH、初始COD浓度对O3/UV氧化焦化废水尾水效果的影响,并对焦化废水被氧化的组分进行模拟动力学的统计性分析.实验表明,O3/UV比重铬酸钾的氧化能力更强,焦化废水尾水中能被O3/UV氧化的成分不仅包括COD,还包括对COD几乎没有贡献的NH4+-N等组分,初始pH=10—11时尾水COD氧化去除效果最佳,初始COD浓度越高,反应速率越大;O3/UV催化氧化焦化废水尾水中COD时符合一级动力学模型,而NH4+-N被O3/UV氧化反应符合零级动力学模型;由于废水中存在SCN-、CN-等含氮物质,被O3/UV氧化后使得NH4+-N浓度呈现先增后降的趋势,NH4+-N浓度达到最大值的时间与废水中含氮物质的含量呈正相关.结果表明,O3/UV催化氧化流化床反应器对焦化废水尾水具有深度处理效果,依赖于污染物组分的还原活性顺序、降解动力学的应用以及流态化的高传质效率.     

The dynamics of shifting cultivation captured in an extended Constrained Cellular Automata land use model

This paper presents an extension to the Constrained Cellular Automata (CCA) land use model of White et al. [White, R., Engelen, G., Uljee, I., 1997. The use of constrained cellular automata for high-resolution modelling of urban land-use dynamics. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 24(3), 323–343] to make it better suited for modelling the dynamics of shifting cultivation. In the extended model the time passed since the last land use transition of a location is a factor of its land use potential. The model can now account for the gradual decrease in soil fertility after an area of forest has been cleared for cultivation and also capture the process of regeneration once the plot is fallowed. The model is applied for the Ruhunupura area of Sri Lanka where chena, a particular practice of shifting cultivation, is a common land use that dominates the landscape dynamics. The model is calibrated for the period 1985–2001 and the results are assessed in terms of location to location overlap as well as structural similarity at multiple scales. These results give confidence in the representation of land use dynamics for the main land use classes. On the basis of a long term scenario run for the period 2001–2030, it is verified that the model captures stylized facts related to chena dynamics, in particular shortening fallow periods and increasingly long cultivation periods of chena, as a result of increasing land use pressure.     

O(1D)与CF3Cl的反应研究

研究ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ－Ｏ₃体系在２５３．７ｎｍ 紫外光照射下所引发的Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应．Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应最终产物为ＣＦ₂Ｏ、Ｆ₂、Ｃｌ₂,并讨论了Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应机理．研究表明,在本实验条件的２５３．７ｎｍ 紫外光作用下,ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ自身不发生解离,同时Ｏ（³Ｐ）不与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ发生反应．此外外加气体（氮气、氧气）对Ｏ（¹Ｄ）与ＣＦ₃Ｃｌ的反应有较强的淬灭作用     

黄花菜高产、优质栽培与加工技术

黄花菜以花蕾食用,是一种营养十分丰富的蔬菜,含有人体需要的蛋白质、维生素、多糖、钙、铁、磷等多种元素成分,是很受人们欢迎的绿色健康食品,衡阳市现种植面积达20万亩,还在逐年扩大,发展前景非常广阔．为了提高黄花菜产量和品质．本文提出了黄花菜高产,优质栽培与加工技术．表2,参5．     

Heat shock proteins in Daphnia detected using commercial antibodies: description and responsiveness to thermal stress

It has previously been shown that the level of Daphnia proteins detected by commonly used anti-HSP antibodies, with molecular weights corresponding to those of heat shock proteins, can be modified by various kinds of stress, including the threat of predation. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that these proteins change their expression in response to thermal stress. Thus, it is concluded that Daphnia heat shock proteins, as components of the cellular stress defense, are involved in both, abiotic and biotic stress.     

利用蚯蚓处理城市污水厂剩余污泥的初步试验研究

采用城市污水处理厂的剩余污泥（滤泥）和牛粪直接配置养殖蚯蚓的饲料,按照不同比例的配料分组进行了饲养蚯蚓的试验研究。在适宜的环境条件下,经过21 d培养,大平二号蚯蚓的最少增重为54％,最高增重达100％;平均产卵茧的数量为0．687个／条蚯蚓。研究结果表明,滤泥不需经过发酵即可用于养殖蚯蚓,牛粪与滤泥配置的比例为1∶1或0．3：0．7时,有利于蚯蚓的代谢和繁殖,并可确保蚯蚓养殖的安全。