我国循环经济行业2012年发展综述

综述了我国循环经济行业发展的政策环境、2012年国家及有关部门发布实施的有关循环经济的政策法规;重点分析了矿产资源、废钢回收加工、废旧轮胎回收加工、废旧塑料利用及其他再生资源开发利用业的循环经济发展概况;简介了行业内最具影响力的示范基地;针对行业发展中存在的主要问题提出了建议。     

Habitat segregation mediates predation by the benthic fish <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cottus gobio</Emphasis> on the exotic amphipod species <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gammarus roeseli</Emphasis>

Predation is often considered as one of the most important biotic factor determining the success of exotic species. The freshwater amphipod Gammarus roeseli has widely colonized Western Europe, where it is frequently found in sympatry with the native species (Gammarus pulex). Previous laboratory experiments revealed that G. roeseli may have an advantage over G. pulex through differential predation by native fish (brown trout). Morphological anti-predator defences (spines) were found responsible for lower rates of predation on the invasive G. roeseli. Here, using both field surveys and laboratory experiments, we tested if a differential of predation exists with other fish predators naturally encountered by gammarids. The main predators present in our field site were nocturnal benthic feeders (mainly bullheads, Cottus gobio). Fish diet analysis showed that, compared to its global availability in the river, G. roeseli was less consumed than G. pulex. In the field, however, G. roeseli was found mainly in the aquatic vegetation whereas G. pulex was found in all habitat types. Laboratory experiments in microcosms revealed that G. roeseli was less prone to predation by C. gobio only when vegetation was present. Depending on the type of predator, the differential of predation could therefore be mediated by antipredator behaviour, and a better usage of refuges, rather than by morphological defences.     

Interspecific mating of the introduced bumblebee <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bombus terrestris</Emphasis> and the native Japanese bumblebee <Emphasis Type="Italic">Bombus hypocrita sapporoensis</Emphasis> results in inviable hybrids

The bumblebee Bombus terrestris is not only an effective pollinator, but also a potential invasive alien species outside its native range. Recently, nearly 30% of queens of the Japanese native species Bombus hypocrita sapporoensis and B. hypocrita hypocrita were estimated to copulate with B. terrestris males in the field, suggesting that indigenous bumblebees could be genetically deteriorated through hybrid production with the introduced species. In this study, we evaluated hybrid production between the introduced B. terrestris and the indigenous B. hypocrita sapporoensis under laboratory conditions. The hatching rate of eggs derived from interspecific matings was 0% and 8.6% depending on the direction of the cross, which was significantly lower than that from intraspecific matings of B. terrestris (76.9%) and B. hypocrita sapporoensis (78.9%). Genetic studies using microsatellite markers revealed that both haploid and diploid individuals were present in the egg stage, whereas all hatched larvae were haploid. In addition, histological studies revealed that eggs derived from interspecific matings terminated development 2 days after oviposition. These results strongly suggested that eggs derived from interspecific matings are inviable due to post-mating isolation mechanisms. Mass release of exotic pollinators could cause serious population declines of native bumblebee species.     

污水再生新工艺NPR及其中试研究

随着经济的发展,我国面临水资源短缺的威胁日益严重。污水资源化利用对社会发展具有重要的战略性意义。文章介绍了一种污水资源化再生利用的新技术NPR工艺,该工艺基于传统活性污泥法及生物膜法的原理,通过技术集成创新开发而成。工艺克服了传统污水深度处理工艺流程长、投资运行成本高的缺点。中试实验研究表明,该系统出水水质可达到再生水回用标准,可以用作工业生产中非高品质用水、城市杂用水、农业灌溉等方面。     

关于悬浮填料生物膜工艺的探讨

通过对市场上悬浮填料产品的调查研究,分析了其材质、结构、形状、物理生化特性,总结了悬浮填料的一些基本特性参数,阐述了其在工程实例中的应用情况,并对当前悬浮填料的开发现状作了介绍,为悬浮填料产品的行业规范制定提供参考。     

江苏省矿业循环经济

论述了矿业循环经济的定义和内涵、矿业循环经济与传统矿业经济的区别、矿业循环经济中的原则及技术载体,分析了江苏省发展矿业循环经济的有利条件,指出了矿业循环经济的重点技术,构建了生态示范区建设的指标体系及给出了重点建设的矿业循环经济生态示范区,简述了江苏省发展矿业循环经济的成就,提出了发展矿业循环经济的措施及建议。     

循环经济的国际发展趋势

从几个方面重点介绍了循环经济的国际发展趋势;把发展循环经济纳入法制化轨道;形成政府倡导、全民参与的意识和环境;大力促进循环经济产业化;鼓励技术创新,促进循环经济的发展。为我国发展循环经济,实现全面建设小康社会目标提供借鉴经验。     

加快开发废橡胶能源利用的必要性分析

废橡胶能源利用有各种途径,从环境保护、回收利用难度、处理消耗量等多个方面的分析,可以看出废橡胶能源利用很有必要,我国必须要加快废橡胶能源利用的研究与开发。     

关于呼和浩特市中水回用系统的设想

呼和浩特市地处北方干旱缺水区,而中水回用系统能实现污水资源化,增加可利用的水资源;同时实现生活污水无害化,减少水污染。     

合肥市环城水体的生态补水研究

合肥市的环城水体没有天然补给水源,极易引起水体污染,开展生态补水工程很有必要。由于水资源紧缺,拟采用中水补水。选用一维河道稳态水质模型及均匀混合水质模型研究了不同量的生态补水对银河、包河、雨花塘水体影响,以及流动后对南淝河亳州路桥一长江路桥段的影响,评估了生态补水工程的可行性,最终确定了最佳的生态补水量。