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241.
Termination of harmful algal blooms (HABs) and coexistence of phytoplankton–zooplankton populations are of great importance to human health, ecosystem, environment, tourism and fisheries. In this paper, we propose a three component model consisting of non-toxic phytoplankton (NTP), toxin producing phytoplankton (TPP) and zooplankton (Z). The growth of zooplankton species is assume to reduce due to toxic chemicals released by TPP population. We have extended the model proposed by Chattopadhyay et al. [Chattopadhyay, J., Sarkar, R.R., Pal, S., 2004. Mathematical modelling of harmful algal blooms supported by experimental findings. Ecol. Comp. 1, 225–235] by including competition terms between TPP and NTP. We observe the effect of competition factors both in the presence and absence of the environmental fluctuation. From our field as well as model analysis we observe that competition helps in the coexistence of the species, but if the effect of competition is very high on the TPP population, it results in planktonic bloom. It is shown that the coexistence equilibrium loses its stability when the competition coefficient crosses a critical value and resulting Hopf-bifurcation around the positive equilibrium depicting oscillations phenomena of the populations. 相似文献
242.
Two fundamental aspects of invasion dynamics are population growth and population spread. These quantities have been subject of study in biological invasions and can be used to study management and control of organisms. In this paper we derive formulae to calculate wave speed and rates of spread for coupled map lattices. Coupled map lattice models are dynamical models where space and time are discrete. We also show how wave speed and rate of spread can be calculated for structured population coupled map lattices in deterministic, stochastic environments and heterogeneous landscapes. Coupled map lattices are simple mathematical models that can be easily linked to landscape data to study invading organisms control strategies. 相似文献
243.
本研究采用氯化混凝技术 ,有效地抑制了游泳池水中藻类生长。经此技术处理后的游泳池水清澈透明 ,达到卫生部颁布的《游泳场所卫生标准》的要求 ,既节约水资源 ,又避免污染环境 ,具有广阔的应用前景。 相似文献
244.
The objective of this study was to characterize recovered soil fines from construction and demolition (C&D) waste recycling facilities for trace organic pollutants. Over a period of 18 months, five sampling trips were made to 14 C&D waste recycling facilities in Florida. Screened soil fines were collected from older stockpiles and newly generated piles at the sites. The samples were analyzed for the total concentration (mg/kg) of a series of volatile organic compound (VOCs) and semi-volatile organic compounds (semi-VOCs). The synthetic precipitation leaching procedure (SPLP) test was also performed to evaluate the leachability of the trace organic chemicals. During the total analysis only a few volatile organic compounds were commonly found in the samples (trichlorofluoromethane, toluene, 4-isopropyltoluene, trimethylbenzene, xylenes, and methylene chloride). A total of nine VOCs were detected in the leaching test. Toluene showed the highest leachability among the compounds (61.3-92.0%), while trichlorofluoromethane, the most commonly detected compound from both the total and leaching tests, resulted in the lowest leachability (1.4-39.9%). For the semi-VOC analysis, three base-neutral semi-VOC compounds (bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, butyl benzyl phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate) and several PAHs (acenaphthene, pyrene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene) were commonly detected in C&D fines samples. These compounds also leached during the SPLP leaching test (0.1-25%). No acid extractable compounds, pesticides, or PCBs were detected. The results of this study were further investigated to assess risk from land applied recovered soil fines by comparing total and leaching concentrations of recovered soil fines samples to risk-based standards. The results of this indicate that the organic chemicals in recovered soil fines from C&D debris recycling facilities were not of a major concern in terms of human risk and leaching risk to groundwater under reuse and contact scenarios. 相似文献
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复合式生物膜反应器中生物膜的特性 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
传统的活性污泥工艺中加入废弃轮胎颗粒作为生物膜载体形成的复合式生物膜反应器。在颗粒浓度为40g/L时,稳定运行条件下在轮胎颗粒表面可形成约50mg/g的生物膜量,即在传统曝气池的2000-3000mg/L悬浮生长污泥的基础上,可增加2000mg/L的附着生物膜量。 相似文献
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248.
Evaluation of recycling policies for PET bottles based on multiattribute utility indices 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This study focused on waste plastic, especially the polyethylene telephthalate (PET) bottle as representative waste, which
has been assigned as goods to be recycled by the Packaging Waste Recycling Law in Japan. We developed a plastic transport
model which explained the entire flow of plastic from the production stage to the disposal stage within an the evaluation
model of plastic recycle policy based on multiattribute utility theory. This model is designed to be used by local municipal
governments in supporting the evaluation of the PET bottle recycling policy. In evaluating the plastics recycling policy,
we selected indices relating to economy, ecology, and rate of resource recycling. The results indicate that when the evaluation
of the material recycling policy and thermal recycling policy in the model city were characterized in terms of their economic
and environmental aspects the thermal recycling policy had the highest utility within our scenario.
Received: July 31, 1998 / Accepted: January 26, 1999 相似文献
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