气固再循环半干法烧结机烟气脱硫工艺中几个问题的探讨

阐述了烧结机烟气脱硫的必要性,分析了采用的主要脱硫工艺及特点,介绍了气固再循环半干法脱硫工艺(GSCA)及其技术特点。结合邯钢的运行实际,分析了该工艺存在的问题,提出了解决的办法,为该工艺的稳定高效运行提供了参考。     

烟气湍流效应对火灾图像探测的影响

烟气是火灾过程的重要物理现象,烟气的湍流效应是火灾图像探测的重要影响因素,分析了烟气湍流反应对火灾图像探测的影响,得出了一些烟气湍流效应的图像特征,为多参数特征的火灾探测提供了理论依据。     

大功率风机流率现场标定的试验研究

为了对烟气控制进行研究,中国科学技术大学大空间火灾实验厅安装了三台大功率固定转速风机和一台变频调速风机,但风机的实际流率和变速风机流率与频率的关系没有通过系统地测定。该研究采用三种实验方案测量了定速风机的排烟速率以及变速风机排烟速率与频率的关系,得到定速风机的排烟速率为13．5m^3/s,比风机出厂流率稍小;变速风机流率与频率之间关系为：Q＝0．18＋0．268f。     

中庭烟气管理系统的设计导则回顾

本文回顾在中庭中常用的烟气管理设计导则。概括了在这些导则中采用的不同方法,并解释了这些方法背后的烟气物理。这些设计导则中的烟气动力学的工程原理是相似的。基本上,方法包括强加逆向流来阻止烟气蔓延,采用压差来对付物理障碍物,烟气稀释和抽取。烟气通风看来是中庭中烟气管理的常用方法,可以将烟气层界面的高度保持在可接受值,或者至少降低烟气层的下降速率。这些导别给出了设计的一般原则,但并未覆盖所有中庭,特别是在远东地区新建建设性项目中的中庭。     

竖井结构中壁面温度对火灾烟气运动影响的计算研究

使用大涡模拟方法研究了不同壁面温度条件下,竖井结构中,竖直壁面间的火灾热烟气和空气运动规律及温度场分布。并讨论了造成分布差异的原因。研究表明,流场中速度、温度和混合分数等参数受燃烧产生的热羽流和壁面温差引起的对流共同影响。温差越大,流场流动速度越大,流场的规律性越强,热烟气在流场中的蔓延速度越快。在温度方面,温度分布随流场变化而呈现不同规律,这里着重讨论了一侧壁面温度不同引起的另一侧壁面附近流场的温度变化。     

复合表面活性剂对燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟润湿作用的研究

为了有效控制燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的污染,根据理论和实验研究的结果,选择合适的润湿剂和助剂,研究了阴离子表面活性剂Y1、非离子表面活性剂F1与无机盐Z1复配后溶液表面张力的变化,筛选出了表面张力较小的配比。利用所选配比对燃煤陶瓷窑炉黑烟的润湿作用进行了W alker实验研究和理论分析。实验结果表明,0.5 mmol/L Y1+50mmol/L Z1+0.03 mmol/L F1的配比对黑烟的润湿作用较好。并对其润湿机理进行了探讨。     

秸秆燃烧排放的正构烷烃及其碳同位素组成特征

为了探讨生物质燃烧过程中正构烷烃化学组成及其碳同位素的变化规律,对4种玉米秸秆进行了室内焚烧实验,用GC-MS和GC/C/IRMS方法对燃烧前后的样品进行测定.结果表明,秸秆中正构烷烃的碳数为C13~C35,分布形态为单峰型,主峰碳数为C31.正构烷烃的碳优势指数(CPI)值为1.1~5.3,平均碳链长度(ACL)为25.1~28.8.明火烟尘中正构烷烃的碳数为C14~C35,呈双峰型分布,2个主峰碳数分别是C18和C31.其CPI值为1.0~2.4,ACL值为23.0~26.8.正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值为-20.1‰~-33.5‰.闷烧烟尘中正构烷烃的碳数是C12~C35,CPI值为2.2~4.8,ACL值为26.6~28.9.其含量呈双峰式分布,2个主峰碳数分别是C22/C23、C31.正构烷烃单体碳同位素比值为-21.5‰~-32.5‰.在明火烟尘和闷烧烟尘中,正构烷烃的单体碳同位素组成与原秸秆中同碳数正构烷烃的差值分别为-13.8‰~5.4‰、-6.7‰~ -5.1‰.2种烟尘中正构烷烃的化学组成与碳同位素分布都与原玉米秸秆有着显著的差别.     

Secondary organic aerosols in Jinan, an urban site in North China: Significant anthropogenic contributions to heavy pollution

Secondary organic aerosols(SOAs) are an important component of particulates, but whether biogenic SOAs(BSOAs) or anthropogenic SOAs(ASOAs) are the dominant contributors to haze pollution remains poorly characterized. In this study, particulate samples were collected from September 2014 to August 2015 at an urban site in Jinan, which is the capital of Shandong Province and a typical city in the North China Plain. The PM2.5 samples were analyzed for BSOA(isoprene(SOAI) and monoterpenes(SOAM)) and ASOA(aromatic(SOAA)) tracers. The concentrations of the SOAAtracer(1.1 ± 1.0 ng/m3) were lowest, and those of SOAItracers(41.8 ± 86.2 ng/m3) were highest, with the concentrations of SOAMtracers(19.4 ± 9.9 ng/m3) being intermediate. The SOAItracers were more abundant in the summer and less abundant in the winter. Both SOAIand SOAMincreased with increasing ozone level but decreased with increasing NOx level. Correlation analysis revealed a good correlation between 2,3-dihydroxy-4-oxopentanoic acid and levoglucosan levels in three seasons. These results suggested that biomass burning activities occurring in the NCP can enhance the emissions of aromatics and should be controlled, especially in the autumn and winter. SOA tracers were classified according to pollution degree, and the results showed that as pollution increases, the contributions of SOAAincrease. These results indicate that reducing anthropogenic emissions is necessary to prevent SOA pollution, especially during heavy pollution episodes.     

Estimation of biomass distribution in Peninsular Malaysia and in the islands of Sumatra, Java and Borneo based on multi-resolution remote sensing land cover analysis

In this study we used high resolution (20 m) land cover maps to derive detailed information on land cover structure within the classes of a regional medium resolution (500 m) land cover map. This enabled improved biomass estimation for the medium resolution land cover classes. Although our results suggested that land cover maps based merely on medium resolution remote sensing data can be used to monitor the extent of forest cover, they also showed that these maps alone are not sufficient to produce reliable regional estimates on above ground biomass in insular Southeast Asia. A quarter of the study area was covered by sub-pixel size (500 m) mosaic of various land cover types containing 14% of biomass. In total, non-forest areas covered over 60% of the study area and included 43% of biomass. In these areas, highly fragmented within class land cover structure was shown to significantly affect biomass estimates. Therefore we conclude that forest/land cover monitoring based merely on medium resolution remote sensing data can no longer be used to sufficiently quantify carbon fluxes connected to land cover changes in insular Southeast Asia, but multi-resolution approaches are needed to perform this task.     

餐饮业油烟监测中需注意的问题

提出在加强对餐饮业环境管理的同时,务必注意油烟监测中的技术问题。指出油烟测试中,不锈钢滤筒优于刚玉滤筒;应用红外分光法测定油烟含量,不受油品成分限制,结果较准确、可比。由于厨房的实际工作灶头数不同,每个灶头发热功率的不同和每个灶头产生油烟量的不同,必须把实际工作灶头数换算为折算工作灶头数,才具有一致性和可比性。折算工作灶头数n=(工作灶头数/实际灶头数)×(排风罩面积/1.1)。