Analysis of the origin of peak aerosol optical depth in springtime over the Gulf of Tonkin

By aggregating MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer) AOD(aerosol optical depth) and OMI(ozone monitoring instrument) UVAI(ultra violet aerosol index)datasets over 2010–2014, it was found that peak aerosol loading in seasonal variation occurred annually in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin(17–23°N, 105–110°E). The vertical structure of the aerosol extinction coefficient retrieved from the spaceborne lidar CALIOP(cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization) showed that the springtime peak AOD could be attributed to an abrupt increase in aerosol loading between altitudes of 2 and 5 km.In contrast, aerosol loading in the low atmosphere(below 1 km) was only half of that in winter. Wind fields in the low and high atmosphere exhibited opposite transportation patterns in spring over the Gulf of Tonkin, implying different sources for each level. By comparing the emission inventory of anthropogenic sources with biomass burning, and analyzing the seasonal variation of the vertical structure of aerosols over the Northern Indo-China Peninsula(NIC), it was concluded that biomass burning emissions contributed to high aerosol loading in spring. The relatively high topography and the high surface temperature in spring made planetary boundary layer height greater than 3 km over NIC. In addition, small-scale cumulus convection frequently occurred, facilitating pollutant rising to over 3 km, which was a height favoring long-range transport. Thus, pollutants emitted from biomass burning over NIC in spring were raised to the high atmosphere, then experienced long-range transport, leading to the increase in aerosol loading at high altitudes over the Gulf of Tonkin during spring.     

Gingko biloba extract and cobalt porphyrin additive to remove harmful components from cigarette smoke and reduce its toxicity

Cigarette filters were modified with a combination of gingko biloba extract and cobalt porphyrin (CGC) to remove harmful components from the cigarette smoke and reduce its toxicity. Smoke analysis results indicated that CGC eliminated up to 32% of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), 52% of N-nitrosonornicotine (NNN), 46% of N-nitrosoanabasine (NAB), 35% of 4-(methylnitrosamine)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), 31% of N-nitrosoanatabine (NAT), 30% of gas-phase free radicals, and 33% of solid-phase free radicals. Biological experiments, including the Ames test, neutral red cytotoxicity assay and chronic toxicity, were conducted for both CGC cigarettes and control cigarettes. Results showed that the toxicity of the CGC cigarettes was lower than those of the control cigarettes. The mechanism by which the CGC components could remove harmful components from cigarette smoke is discussed.     

城市地下道路合流分岔路段烟气控制策略的优化研究

采用数值模拟的方法,对火源位于合流分岔路段上游时不同的纵向通风烟气控制策略进行了模拟分析,得到最佳的通风控制策略及送风参数。研究结果表明:火灾发生时,若只有主隧道送风,当送风风速为临界风速时,尽管火源上游烟气得到了很好的控制,但下游仍会有部分烟气会流入匝道,影响匝道内的行车安全;若加大主隧道送风风速以消除匝道内的烟气,则所需风速过大,既不经济也不安全;如果采用主隧道和匝道联合送风的送风策略,主隧道以临界风速送风,则匝道以较小的送风风速即可得到较好的烟气控制效果。该通风策略应为最优的烟气控制策略。     

废铜熔化精炼过程烟尘治理系统设计

随着国民经济不断发展,铜加工原料的短缺问题日趋严重,因此,废铜回收再利用已成为弥补铜加工原料不足的重要措施。熔炼设备一般以反射炉(竖炉、精炼炉)为主,原料来源比较复杂,有边角料、废电缆电线等,所以,废铜熔化、精炼过程产生烟尘中,有CuCl、CuO、ZnO、SO2、HCl、氯化盐覆盖剂、二恶英、油脂及炉子燃烧不完全的产物CO等,必须进行净化处理。根据烟气原始参数,制定出合理的治理方案及工艺流程,使之达标排放。     

Atmospheric phenanthrene pollution modulates carbon allocation in red clover (Trifolium pratense L.)

The influence of atmospheric phenanthrene (PHE) exposure (160 μg m⁻³) during one month on carbon allocation in clover was investigated by integrative (plant growth analysis) and instantaneous ¹³CO₂ pulse-labelling approaches. PHE exposure diminished plant growth parameters (relative growth rate and net assimilation rate) and disturbed photosynthesis (carbon assimilation rate and chlorophyll content), leading to a 25% decrease in clover biomass. The root-shoot ratio was significantly enhanced (from 0.32 to 0.44). Photosynthates were identically allocated to leaves while less allocated to stems and roots. PHE exposure had a significant overall effect on the ¹³C partitioning among clover organs as more carbon was retained in leaves at the expense of roots and stems. The findings indicate that PHE decreases root exudation or transfer to symbionts and in leaves, retains carbon in a non-structural form diverting photosynthates away from growth and respiration (emergence of an additional C loss process).     

电炉除尘系统运行状况的诊断

宝钢股份公司宝钢分公司电炉除尘系统自投运以来就存在一些问题,随着产能扩容,除尘系统运行状况越来越差,需要进行改造.通过对电炉除尘系统的主要设备及排烟点的运行状况进行测试,根据测试结果分析电炉除尘系统存在的问题,提出改造建议.     

Atmospheric NH3 as plant nutrient: a case study with Brassica oleracea

Nutrient-sufficient and nitrate- or sulfate-deprived plants of Brassica oleracea L. were exposed to 4 microl l(-1) NH3 (2.8 mg m(-3)), and effects on biomass production and allocation, N-compounds and root morphology investigated. Nitrate-deprived plants were able to transfer to atmospheric NH3 as nitrogen source, but biomass allocation in favor of the root was not changed by exposure to NH3. NH3 reduced the difference in total root length between nitrate-sufficient and nitrate-deprived plants, and increased the specific root length in the latter. The internal N status, therefore, might be involved in controlling root length in B. oleracea. Root surface area, volume and diameter were unaffected by both nitrate deprivation and NH3 exposure. In sulfate-deprived plants an inhibitory effect of NH3 on root morphological parameters was observed. These plants, therefore, might be more susceptible to atmospheric NH3 than nitrate-deprived plants. The relevance of the present data under field conditions is discussed.     

燃煤锅炉的烟尘排放情况的物料衡算法研究

燃煤锅炉产生的烟尘量与燃料的成分、锅炉的燃烧方式及除尘率有直接的关系,锅炉的燃烧方式分为层式燃烧和悬浮式燃烧,不同燃烧方式的产尘量有很大区别,通过物料衡算方法,尝试对使用不同燃烧方式的工业锅炉和电厂锅炉排放的烟尘量进行定量分析和计算,该法得到的数据较准确,一般接近监测得到的平均数据.     

Variation in indoor levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from burning various biomass types in the traditional grass-roofed households in Western Kenya

Biomass burning as fuel in the traditional grass-roofed rural households of Western Province of Kenya in open fire places, in poorly ventilated conditions, lead to accumulation of soot under the roofs. This study characterized and quantified the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in accumulated soot in these households and determined the variation in PAHs concentrations with fuel biomass type. Soot samples collected from the households were extracted, cleaned and analysed by gas chromatography. The PAHs were identified using retention times, verified by gas chromatographic mass spectral analysis and quantified from peak area responses using the internal standard method. The PAHs levels significantly varied (P ≤ 0.05) with biomass type in the order: dung ≥ indigenous trees ≥ exotic trees ≥ shrubs and crop residues. Use of dung and wood from indigenous trees as fuel should be discouraged since they are higher emitters (P ≤ 0.05) of carcinogenic PAHs.     

选择性去除香烟烟气中亚硝胺的研究

沸石具有选择性吸附和催化去除亚硝胺的功能.使用沸石添加剂和/或微波辐射预处理,可将香烟侧流烟气中致癌性物质亚硝胺的含量降低约50%,主流烟气中降低60-90%,能有效地减轻吸烟对于环境的污染.