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排序方式: 共有328条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
111.
Wenchao Xue May Zaw Xiaochan An Yunxia Hu Allan Sriratana Tabucanon 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2020,14(2):32
112.
Barend L. van Drooge 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(9):2880-2887
The ambient air in Northern Italy is characterised by relatively high PAH and PM10 concentrations in relation to calm wind and intensive temperature inversions, especially during cold periods. These stagnant conditions are occasionally interrupted by North-Föhn events, which cause a drop in relative humidity and an increase in O3 levels, indicating the mixing of local and free troposphere air flows. In this study the influence of the North-Föhn on concentrations of tracer organic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), PM10, O3 and black carbon (BC) was studied during a North-Föhn event in November 2007. Large fluctuations in the concentration of these compounds, as well as changes in PM10 composition due to daytime and night-time variations of local source emissions were observed. Although these events occur at low frequencies (6-10%) they can for short periods, strongly affect the regional air quality by quickly decreasing the concentrations of these tracer organic compounds. 相似文献
113.
Jianwei Zhang Marcus Schaub Jonathan A. Ferdinand Kim C. Steiner 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2010,158(8):2627-2634
We investigated the effect of leaf age on the response of net photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (gwv), foliar injury, and leaf nitrogen concentration (NL) to tropospheric ozone (O3) on Prunus serotina seedlings grown in open-plots (AA) and open-top chambers, supplied with either carbon-filtered or non-filtered air. We found significant variation in A, gwv, foliar injury, and NL (P < 0.05) among O3 treatments. Seedlings in AA showed the highest A and gwv due to relatively low vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Older leaves showed significantly lower A, gwv, NL, and higher foliar injury (P < 0.001) than younger leaves. Leaf age affected the response of A, gwv, and foliar injury to O3. Both VPD and NL had a strong influence on leaf gas exchange. Foliar O3-induced injury appeared when cumulative O3 uptake reached 8-12 mmol m−2, depending on soil water availability. The mechanistic assessment of O3-induced injury is a valuable approach for a biologically relevant O3 risk assessment for forest trees. 相似文献
114.
Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil 总被引:38,自引:0,他引:38
When applied to soils, it is unclear whether and how biochar can affect soil nutrients. This has implications both to the availability of nutrients to plants or microbes, as well as to the question of whether biochar soil amendment may enhance or reduce the leaching of nutrients. In this work, a range of laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil. A total of thirteen biochars were tested in laboratory sorption experiments and most of them showed little/no ability to sorb nitrate or phosphate. However, nine biochars could remove ammonium from aqueous solution. Biochars made from Brazilian pepperwood and peanut hull at 600 °C (PH600 and BP600, respectively) were used in a column leaching experiment to assess their ability to hold nutrients in a sandy soil. The BP600 biochar effectively reduced the total amount of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in the leachates by 34.0%, 34.7%, and 20.6%, respectively, relative to the soil alone. The PH600 biochar also reduced the leaching of nitrate and ammonium by 34% and 14%, respectively, but caused additional phosphate release from the soil columns. These results indicate that the effect of biochar on the leaching of agricultural nutrients in soils is not uniform and varies by biochar and nutrient type. Therefore, the nutrient sorption characteristics of a biochar should be studied prior to its use in a particular soil amendment project. 相似文献
115.
The northern reef of Yongxing Island, the largest reef island of the Xisha Islands in the South China Sea, was in good condition with significant cover of scleractinian corals until 2002. Surveys in 2008 and 2010, however, found that coral coverage had declined rapidly and severely, implying that catastrophic coral mortality occurred during the past 8 years. A blackish mat was observed covering live and dead corals in both 2008 and 2010 that was identified as an encrusting sponge, Terpios hoshinota, by special surface morphology and spicule structure. In addition, spicule residues were found on the surface of long-dead corals, indicating a previous invasion of T. hosinota. T. hoshinota is referred to as the "black disease" because it rapidly overgrows and kills corals. Our evidence indicates that outbreaks of black disease are at least partially responsible for the massive coral mortality at the northern reef of Yongxing Island over the past 8 years, although human activities and heat-related coral bleaching cannot be discounted as minor causes for this coral decline. 相似文献
116.
PCDD/F and PCB field data (1041 samples) in five media (dissolved, suspended sediment, bed sediment, catfish, and blue crab) were studied to explore dual contaminant patterns in the Houston Ship Channel, Texas, USA. PCDD/Fs showed greater concentration than PCBs in suspended sediments while PCBs were higher in apparent dissolved (truly dissolved + DOC-associated), fish, and crab. PCDD/Fs at nearly all locations contributed more strongly to dioxin-like toxicity. The fraction of PCB TEQ was, however, enriched in biotic over abiotic media due in large part to the presence of PCB 126, which was mostly undetected in water and sediment and yet exhibited a BAF three times greater than 2,3,7,8-TCDD. Dissolved-suspended sediment and suspended-bed sediment relationships showed that (1) observed apparent dissolved concentration differences (as fraction of total water were mean 10% PCDD/Fs and 63% PCBs) can reasonably be explained by a four-phase partition model (truly dissolved, DOC-associated, suspended OC, and suspended BC) for PCBs but not for PCDD/Fs and (2) the contaminants behaved similarly in bed to suspended sediment concentration ratios (Cbed/Csusp) upstream of a major confluence but not downstream. PCA-cluster analysis pointed to the possibility that suspended sediment PCB contamination originates from resuspended bed sediment while PCDD/Fs in suspended sediment originates more probably from other sediment sources such as upstream wash load or air deposition. Finally, examinations of a congener marker ratio (PCB 209/206) seemed to indicate that a source of pure PCB 209 may exist in bed sediment near Patrick Bayou though the source was not completely localized. 相似文献
117.
Raysoni AU Sarnat JA Sarnat SE Garcia JH Holguin F Luèvano SF Li WW 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(10):2476-2486
Paired indoor and outdoor concentrations of fine and coarse particulate matter (PM), PM2.5 reflectance [black carbon(BC)], and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were determined for sixteen weeks in 2008 at four elementary schools (two in high and two in low traffic density zones) in a U.S.-Mexico border community to aid a binational health effects study. Strong spatial heterogeneity was observed for all outdoor pollutant concentrations. Concentrations of all pollutants, except coarse PM, were higher in high traffic zones than in the respective low traffic zones. Black carbon and NO2 appear to be better traffic indicators than fine PM. Indoor air pollution was found to be well associated with outdoor air pollution, although differences existed due to uncontrollable factors involving student activities and building/ventilation configurations. Results of this study indicate substantial spatial variability of pollutants in the region, suggesting that children’s exposures to these pollutants vary based on the location of their school. 相似文献
118.
Flores-Cervantes DX Bucheli TD 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3793-3796
We tested the resistance of five different fullerenes (C60, C70, C76/78 mix, and C84) to chemothermal oxidation at 375 °C (CTO-375), a method that has been used and tested for quantifying black carbon (BC) and CNTs in soils and sediments. C60 survived CTO-375 the most (50%), while C70 was the fullerene with the lowest survival rate (<1%). Standard additions of C60 to soil and sediment reference materials yielded recoveries between 18 and 36%. Although lower than recoveries previously observed for soot and CNTs, these results demonstrate the capability of CTO-375 to partially isolate C60 from solid environmental matrices. Standard additions of C70, C76/78, and C84 yielded slightly higher survival rates when added to soil and sediment than in their pure form. These results indicate that the mineral matrices of these samples probably had a catalytic effect towards C60 and a protective effect towards C70, C76/78, and C84 during CTO-375. 相似文献
119.
采用PDMDAAC改性方法对油页岩灰渣进行改性,确定最佳改性方案,并研究了环境因素对改性油页岩灰渣吸附DNBP的影响。实验研究结果表明,油页岩灰渣经20 g/L 的PDMDAAC处理时,对DNBP的吸附能力最强。在吸附温度为30℃,初始溶液pH值为4的条件下,0.3 g 的改性油页岩灰渣对30.0 mg/L DNBP溶液50 mL,吸附120 min时,其吸附率达到94.48%以上。在实验条件下,改性油页岩灰渣对DNBP的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,相关系数分别为0.9985和0.9776,其对DNBP的理论饱和吸附量达到6.196 mg/g。改性油页岩灰渣对DNBP的吸附主要归因于离子交换和表面吸附作用。 相似文献
120.
The use of best management practices to respond to externalities from developing shale gas resources
Terence J. Centner Nicholas S. Eberhart 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(4):746-768
The public is concerned that activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing in the development of shale gas resources are unnecessarily adversely affecting them and the environment and is petitioning elected representatives to take actions to reduce risks. The health risks associated with fracturing chemicals and air pollutants are relatively unknown and constitute the impetus for public concern. An evaluation of state legal and regulatory provisions regarding best management practices discloses that states are not adopting timely regulations to protect people and the environment from activities accompanying hydraulic fracturing. Simultaneously, regulatory policy concerning negative externalities suggests that governments underinvest in the protection of human health and environmental quality. Governments have choices in protecting people from dangers that accompany shale gas development. Due to the risks of injuries and unpaid damages from shale gas development, governmental policies need to evolve to accord people greater health protection. 相似文献