Degradation and mineralization of 2-chioro-, 3-chloro- and 4-chlorobiphenyl by a newly characterized natural bacterial strain isolated from an electrical transformer fluid-contaminated soil

A bacterium classified as Achromobacter xylosoxidans strain IR08 by phenotypic typing coupled with 16S rRNA gene analysis wasisolated from a soil contaminated with electrical transformer fluid for over sixty years using Aroclor 1221 as an enrichment substrate.The substrate utilization profiles revealed that IR08 could grow on all three monochlorobiphenyls (CBs), 2,4'- and 4,4'-dichlorobiphenylas well as 2-chlorobenzoate (2-CBA), 3-CBA, 4-CBA, and 2,3-dichlorobenzoate. Unusually, growth was poorly sustained on biphenyland benzoate. In growth experiments, IR08 degraded all CBs (0.27 mmol/L) in less than 96 h with concomitant stoichiometric release ofinorganic chloride and growth yields were 2-3 times higher than those observed on biphenyl. In contrast to most of the chlorobiphenyl-degrading strains described in the literature, which are reported to form CBA, no metabolite was identified in the culture broth byHPLC analysis. When co-incubated with respective CBs and biphenyl, strain IR08 preferentially utilized the chlorinated analoguesin less than 96 h while it took another 264 h before 90% of the initially supplied biphenyl could be degraded. The promotion of co-metabolic transformation of halogenated substrates by the inclusion of their non-halogenated derivatives may not therefore, result inuniversal benefits.     

南方丘陵地区竹林河岸系统的氮矿化、反硝化作用研究

采用原位培养法和乙炔抑制-静态土柱培养法,对南方丘陵地区竹林河岸系统的矿化、反硝化作用进行了研究.结果表明,研究区土壤氮矿化速率为-0.28～0.30mg·kg^1·d^-1（以N计,下同）,且与土壤含水量存在显著正相关（p〈0.05）.在系统中,与入口区与中部区的土壤氮矿化作用平均强度相比,毗邻河道的河岸区更为强烈....     

冻融作用对大兴安岭典型森林土壤活性有机碳和氮矿化的影响

于2017年10月采集大兴安岭地区樟子松林和白桦林两种典型林型下0～10、10～20、20～30 cm土壤,采用室内模拟冻融实验研究了冻融循环下土壤活性有机碳变化趋势和氮素矿化特征.结果表明:①随着冻融次数增加,土壤溶解性有机碳(DOC)和土壤微生物量碳(MBC)均表现为先增加后降低的趋势,冻融作用在显著增加了土壤DOC含量的同时降低了土壤MBC含量(p0.05),冻融温差对活性碳影响不明显(p0.05);冻融过程中樟子松林0～10 cm土壤DOC含量高于白桦林,10～20、20～30 cm土壤DOC含量低于白桦林,而樟子松林各层土壤MBC含量始终高于白桦林.②随着冻融次数增加,土壤铵态氮表现为先减少后增加的趋势,而硝态氮表现为先增加后减少的趋势,冻融作用显著增加了土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量(p0.05),较大的冻融温差会促进氮矿化(p0.05);冻融过程中白桦林土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量始终高于樟子松林.③两种林型下土壤DOC、MBC、铵态氮和硝态氮含量均随着土层深度的增加而降低(p0.05).以上结果表明,冻融作用导致森林土壤DOC含量流失而影响了土壤碳库的积累,但有利于无机氮的累积,为植物生长提供了氮素肥力,且不同植被类型土壤碳、氮含量对冻融作用的响应存在一定的差异.     

环草隆对城市绿地重金属污染土壤有机氮矿化、基础呼吸及相关酶活性的影响

城市土壤重金属和有机污染物复合污染广泛存在,而城市草坪除草剂的应用使城市绿地土壤的农药污染问题成为了新的关注点。为了准确评价城市绿地重金属污染土壤的农药污染生态风险,选择不同重金属污染程度的土壤为研究对象,以土壤有机氮矿化量、基础呼吸以及土壤酶活性为指标,采用室内模拟试验方法,探讨了草坪除草剂环草隆污染对土壤微生物的生态毒理效应。结果表明:(1)土壤有机氮矿化、基础呼吸、芳基硫酸酯酶和碱性磷酸酶对重金属和环草隆污染响应较为敏感,脲酶和蔗糖酶对重金属和环草隆污染不敏感。(2)环草隆浓度为0~1 000 mg·kg~(-1)范围内,和污染较轻的样点N土壤的碱性磷酸酶活性抑制(激活)率的线性相关关系显著,和污染较为严重的样点D和G土壤的芳基硫酸酯酶活性抑制(激活)率的线性关系显著。(3)土壤中环草隆对样点D和G土壤芳香硫酸酯酶活性、对样点N土壤碱性磷酸酶活性抑制(激活)率的EC10分别为568 mg·kg~(-1)、1 306 mg·kg~(-1)(抑制值)和56 mg·kg~(-1)(激活值)、99 mg·kg~(-1),EC50分别为1 901 mg·kg~(-1)、3 806 mg·kg~(-1)、2 321 mg·kg~(-1)。以上研究结果能够为城市土壤重金属和农药复合污染生态风险评价提供基础数据和技术方法。