A new approach for modelling potential effects in cation adsorption onto binary (hydr) oxides

The current approach for modelling ion adsorption onto binary (hydr)oxides using homogeneous surface complexation models involves the assumption of either an ideal mixture of the two surfaces (i.e. two surface sites on one surface) or a patchwise surface (i.e. two surfaces with one surface site on each surface). As the physical truth should be between these two limiting cases, a model which assumes a patchwise surface constituted of three patches is proposed. Two patches represent the distinct (hydr)oxides, and the third one a mixture of these distinct (hydr)oxides. Using the diffuse layer model, the three approaches are applied to literature data for Cd adsorption onto binary mixtures of alumina-coated silica at total constant Cd concentration and varying amounts of alumina coatings. For Cd adsorption onto these binary (hydr)oxide systems, the new approach explains the observed potential effects. The proposed model, which contains two additional adjustable parameters in terms of site concentrations or one adjustable parameter in terms of specific surface area, is more successful than the two limiting cases. The new model is then validated by predicting Ca and Zn behaviour on the same binary (hydr)oxide system.     

基于HLA的大气环境仿真应用研究

针对大气环境仿真的特点,采用HLA分布式仿真技术,论述了以HLA/RTI为支撑的大气环境分布式仿真体系结构、关键技术及实现方案,并对该环境下开发大气环境联邦成员进行了详细的说明,实现了大气环境建模与仿真应用的一体化设计,从而提高了大气环境仿真应用的互操作性和可重用性,为大气环境仿真向其它系统仿真应用提供了一种有效的手段。     

Effects of tectonic stress environment on tectonophysical features of deformed coal

To study the effects of the tectonic stress environment on the tectonophysical features of deformed coal, No.8 Mine in the Pingdingshan mine area is used as a study area and the relationship between the development of deformed coal, distribution of fractures, formation of deformed coal and tectonic stress environment are analyzed. The results indicate that the thickness of the bedrock layer should be included in the analysis of the tectonic stress environment for a region of intense tectonic activity. Although the reverse faulting stress regime can control the development of deformed coal, the C seam is extremely sensitive to the stress regime. The most advantageous direction of the deformed coal fractures is consistent with the regional maximum principal stress, and the development of fractures is closely related to the evolution of the tectonic stress environment. The fracture density of the E seam presents a uniform distribution, yet that of the C seam is completely heterogeneous. Superposition and compounding of the tectonic communities evidently increase the fracture density of the deformed coal. There is a relatively apparent boundary between the different types of deformation, which gradually transform from brittle to ductile with a decreasing lateral pressure coefficient. A generalized deformation pattern of the deformed coal is proposed and can be divided into frictional sliding and solid flow.     

设计配置对生物滞留设施污染物去除性能的影响研究

生物滞留是一种常用的低影响开发技术,通过不同机理去除径流中的各种污染物。设施面积、消能池设置、表面覆盖物的合理设计可降低外界的不利影响;内部斜坡与多元结构可优化设施性能,介质层的改良填料和较长深度可提高污染物的去除效率;配置适宜植物可提高环境耐受能力与污染物去除效果,引入多样植物可提高设施生物多样性,有利于发挥动植物相互作用,提高设施的稳定性与整体性能。     

三株产甲烷细菌表面层研究

用电子显微镜的负染色技术,对史氏甲烷短杆菌Ｈ１３（ Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｂｒｅｖｉｂａｃｔｅｒｓｍｉｔｈｉｉ Ｈ１３）、嗜热甲酸甲烷杆菌ＣＢ１２（ Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｂａｃｔｅｒｉｕｍ ｔｈｅｒｍｏｆｏｒｍｉｃｉｃｕｍ ＣＢ１２） 、拉布雷甲烷粒菌Ｚ（ Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｃｏｒｐｕｓｃｕｌｕｍ ｌａｂｒｅａｎｕｍ Ｚ） 的表面结构观察比较结果表明：史氏甲烷短杆菌Ｈ１３ 和嗜热甲酸甲烷杆菌ＣＢ１２ 的表面层由规则排列的四边形亚单位组成;前者每个亚单位直径为５～７ ｎｍ ,亚单位之间的中心距离为５ ～８ ｎｍ ,后者亚单位直径为９～１２ ｎｍ ,亚单位之间的中心距离为１１～１４ ｎｍ ．拉布雷甲烷粒菌Ｚ的表面层是条纹和颗粒状或丝状组成的网状结构．每根条纹宽３～４ ｎｍ ,条纹之间的距离为６～８ ｎｍ ．３ 株产甲烷细菌的表面层各不相同,其中嗜热甲酸甲烷杆菌ＣＢ１２ 和拉布雷甲烷粒菌Ｚ的表面层结构十分独特,明显不同于已报道的产甲烷细菌和古细菌的表面层结构．     

Multilevel air quality evolution in Shenyang: Impact of elevated point emission reduction

Visibility observed at different altitudes is favorable to understand the causes of air pollution. We conducted 4-years of observations of visibility at 2.8 and 60 m and particulate matter(PM) concentrations from 2015 to 2018 in Shenyang, a provincial city in Northeast China. The results indicated that visibility increased with the increasing height in winter(especially at night), and decreased with height in summer(especially at the daytime). PM concentration exhibited opposite vertical variati...     

非承重草砖墙体的耐火性能试验分析

为研究草砖房的耐火性能,根据目前使用最多的砖混框架结构草砖房的结构特点,采用尺寸为1 000 mm×480 mm×360 mm草砖砌成宽3 000 mm,高3 000 mm,厚400 mm的非承重的草砖墙体作为试验用构件,利用大型垂直构件耐火试验炉,采用标准火灾升温曲线进行升温,对实体构件进行耐火性能试验。采用K型热电偶记录背火面的温升情况,研究其火灾试验过程中的耐火完整性和耐火隔热性,判断其耐火极限。试验结果表明,非承重草砖墙体具有良好的耐火性能,其耐火极限不低于3.0 h。同时,在这种结构的草砖墙体中,草砖外侧的抹灰层有效地阻挡火灾初期火的侵蚀;钢丝网片有效地起到固定草砖的作用;紧密压实的草砖其内部没有足够的可助燃的氧,且草砖表层暴露于火焰中形成炭化层阻止了火焰进一步向其内部蔓延。     

深部低渗透强突出煤层群首采下保护层确定和效果考察

软岩保护层在深部低渗透强突出煤层群首采保护层选择中具有潜在的应用前景。在阐述下保护层开采覆岩移动与采场裂隙演化及瓦斯运移关系的基础上,以芦岭矿为工程背景,通过FLAC3D数值试验,研究软岩保护层开采后的卸压效果,并和不同层位的薄煤层开采卸压效果对比分析。结果表明,在采厚相同的情况下,开采10煤保护层相对于软岩保护层,卸压程度弱,保护范围小,保护效果差。软岩保护层开采后,被保护层处于弯曲下沉带的下限范围。受采动影响,有大量的离层裂隙生成。考察期范围内上覆被保护层(8、9煤层)瓦斯抽采率达62.9%,表明软岩保护层开采能够对上覆被保护层(8、9煤层)起到显著的卸压效果。研究结果可为其他矿区保护层开采选择提供参考,丰富国内保护层开采实践。     

ISM在事故原因层次分析中的应用

基于复杂系统结构特征的分析方法和模型,对事故原因进行分类,将事故的9类常见原因分为5类,通过事故原因之间的影响关系,可生成达成矩阵,从而明确了不同层次之间的关系,并对同一层要素之间的关系进行了关联分析,该项研究为事故预防提供了一个新途径,对提高企业的安全管理水平有一定的参考价值。     

黄冈长江干堤防渗方法研究

讨论了黄冈长江干堤堤身土质状况,对黄冈长江干堤堤基土层结构进行了分类。通过渗流计算提出了黄冈长江干堤典型断面堤基防渗加固处理措施。针对黄冈长江干堤堤基土层结构的特点,提出了黄冈长江干堤堤基防渗加固处理的原则,黄冈长江干堤加固的重点是堤基的防渗加固处理,应根据渗流计算的结果,考虑到堤防周围的地理、地质环境及人文社会因素,通过方案比较确定出合理的堤基防渗加固方案。由于黄冈长江干堤所在堤段的堤基透水层一般为砂壤土和粉细砂,因此黄冈长江干堤不宜于采用排渗井或减压沟进行堤基防渗。