宣威肺癌高发区燃煤排放颗粒物中铁的价态及其氧化性

云南宣威地区的高肺癌死亡率被认为是与居民室内燃烧烟煤有关.为探明宣威地区高肺癌死亡率的原因,在宣威4个不同区域采集了原煤样品并在室内利用一套自行设计的烟气采集装置对所采集的原煤样品模拟当地燃烧条件进行了燃烧,获取燃煤排放颗粒物样品.使用BCR连续提取法(community bureau of reference,BCR)获取原煤、底灰和燃煤排放颗粒物中铁的赋存形态及分布特征,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测燃煤颗粒物在替代肺液(surrogate lung fluid,SLF)中产生·OH水平的变化.结果显示,原煤中存在大量的可氧化态铁,经过燃烧后,飞灰颗粒物中生物可利用的铁(酸可提取态、可还原态、可氧化态)占了很大的比重(46%~78%);燃煤颗粒物24 h所产生·OH的量在不同粒径颗粒物之间存在一定差异,在细粒径段(1μm、1.1~2μm、2~3.3μm)和粗粒径段(3.3~7μm、7μm)均表现为·OH的量随粒径减小而增加;同时,燃煤颗粒物中可氧化态Fe的含量与产生·OH能力具有一定的线性相关性(R2=0.32).     

单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池硝酸根去除系统的建立和性能研究

本文以单室空气阴极微生物燃料电池(Microbial Fuel Cell,MFC)处理含不同浓度硝酸根的模拟废水,研究了NO~-_3-N初始浓度和开闭路培养方式对单室MFC的启动、硝酸根去除性能和产电性能的影响.结果表明,随着NO~-_3-N初始浓度的提高,MFC的NO~-_3-N平均去除速率达到稳定值所需时间增加,NO~-_3-N平均去除速率提高.当NO~-_3-N初始浓度为200 mg·L~(-1)时,闭路组MFC的NO~-_3-N平均去除速率达到(3.52±0.28) kg·m~(-3)·d~(-1),高于相近条件下许多传统生物反应器的NO~-_3-N平均去除速率.硝酸根去除过程主要发生在MFC运行周期的前期.硝酸根对阳极生物膜中主要产电菌Geobacter的生物量没有影响.当基质充足时,所有闭路组MFC的最大功率密度相近(～27 W·m~(-3)).闭路组MFC比开路组MFC具有更高的NO~-_3-N去除速率,可能与其阳极生物膜具有电化学还原亚硝酸根能力和Thauera易在其阳极上富集有关.     

植物微生物燃料电池修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染湿地土壤及机理研究

本研究通过引入沼生植物香蒲构建植物微生物燃料电池系统(P-MFC)修复Cr(VI)污染湿地土壤,考察了植物、不同初始Cr(VI)浓度对系统产电及去除效率的影响.结果显示,香蒲种植能显著提高P-MFC运行性能,系统最大功率密度与Cr(VI)去除率分别提高至23.83 mW·m~(-2)、33.01%,随着Cr(VI)暴露浓度的升高,系统运行性能降低.利用P-MFC修复Cr(VI)污染土壤过程中,电化学还原作用是Cr(VI)去除的主要机制,近90%的Cr(VI)通过电化学还原去除,系统中0.3%～1.86%的Cr(VI)被香蒲吸收富集,3.5%～9.5%的Cr(VI)被微生物与还原性有机物直接还原.通过高通量测序技术分析发现,香蒲种植与低浓度Cr(VI)暴露下阳极微生物群落多样性较大,优势门类Proteobacteria相对丰度最高为63.9%,较未种植香蒲与高浓度Cr(VI)暴露条件下提高了3.4%～19.0%,电化学活性微生物Geobacter相对丰度最高为12.4%,较未种植香蒲与高浓度Cr(VI)暴露条件下提高了4.4%～6.8%.系统中对Cr(VI)具有较强耐受性与还原能力的Acinetobacter、Bacillus占有较大比例,且相对丰度随暴露浓度升高而增大,最高分别为19.0%、14.4%,进一步说明微生物群落在Cr(VI)去除上发挥了一定作用.上述结果表明,P-MFC在去除湿地土壤Cr(VI)污染方面具有良好的潜力.     

Prenatal diagnosis of a fetus harboring an intermediate load of the A3243G mtDNA mutation in a maternal carrier diagnosed with MELAS syndrome

We prenatally diagnosed MELAS syndrome in a fetus whose mother and older brother had the MELAS-specific A3243G mutation. The mutant mtDNA level of the amniotic fluid cells was not significantly different from that of the postnatal peripheral blood and hair follicle samples. The obstetrical course was uncomplicated except for transient exacerbation of the mother's diabetes, which required insulin control. At term, the infant was macrosomic, and the delivery was complicated by shoulder dystocia. MELAS syndrome in itself does not influence either the prenatal course of the mother or the fetal outcome. In contrast to the fulminating clinical course of this mother's first child, MELAS symptoms did not develop in her second child until age four, despite similar high tissue levels of mutant mtDNA. The phenotypic diversity in two offspring with similar higher levels of mutant mtDNA suggests that prenatal genetic diagnosis of cultured amniotic cells may yield results that are poor prognosticators of fetal outcome. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Detection and enumeration of colonic mucosal cells in amniotic fluid using a colon epithelial-specific monoclonal antibody

Since its introduction, prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal and metabolic disorder by mid-trimester amniocentesis has relied upon the use of a mixture of fetal cells obtained from amniotic fluid. Little knowledge has been gained in the sorting of these cells for diagnosis of tissue-specific disorders. In an attempt to determine the contribution of fetal colonic mucosal cells to the overall amniocyte population, we used the colonic epithelial-specific monoclonal antibody (MC-Ab) 7E₁₂H₁₂, IgM isotype. Specimens of the small intestine, colon, buccal mucosa, kidney, urinary bladder, and umbilical cord were obtained from electively aborted normal fetuses of 12–28 weeks' gestation. All of these specimens were examined with 7E₁₂H₁₂ by the immunoperoxidase technique. The MC-Ab reacted with the colonic epithelial cells but not with any of the other tissues. In addition, 40 amniotic fluid samples obtained from women between 16 and 18 weeks of gestation, who underwent amniocentesis because of advanced maternal age, were tested using a fluorescent activated cell sorter. Among the amniotic fluid specimens examined, 18·4 ± 10·3 percent cells reacted with 7E₁₂H₁₂. Double immunofluorescence studies revealed that all Mc-Ab-stained cells contained secretory component, confirming that they were epithelial in origin. All fetuses whose amniotic fluid was analysed had normal karyotypes and amniotic fluid alpha-fetoprctein levels that were also normal. This study demonstrates that cell-specific Mc-Ab can be used to detect colon cells in the amniotic fluid and that colon cells contribute significant numbers in the mixture of amniotic fluid cells. This technique could be helpful in the prenatal diagnosis of disorders in which the flow of amniotic fluid through the fetal intestine is impaired, such as cystic fibrosis, imperforate anus, Hirschsprung aganglionic megacolon, and intestinal atresia.     

基于升流式厌氧污泥床反应器的微生物燃料电池的研究

构建了一种基于升流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB）的微生物燃料电池（MFCs）,利用UASB高效去除COD能力及连续进样方式,获得稳定电能输出。考察了水力停留时间、进液方式、电极材料、离子交换膜种类、溶液离子强度等因素对于MFCs性能的影响。实验结果表明：在水力停留时间6h、连续进液、高纯石墨板电极以及均相阳离子交换膜条件下,连续运行3个月,放电功率稳定在145mW／m^2,开路电压0．78V,放电电流最高可达321mA／m^2。     

口服二苯胂酸在小鼠小脑蒲肯野细胞诱发氧化和氮化应激

为了研究口服化学战剂降解产物二苯胂酸(DPA)导致小脑功能异常与诱发小鼠小脑蒲肯野细胞氧化和氮化应激之间的关系,利用硫代巴比妥酸反应物(TBARS)法和免疫组织化学方法检测脑组织丙二醛(MDA)和3-硝基酪氨酸(3-NT)的变化情况.同时,通过在体外合成3价DPA的模型化合物二苯胂酸碘(DPI),并用Western-blot检测3-NT的生成.研究发现,在小鼠一次口服15mg·kg-1DPA以及连续5d口服5mg·kg-1 DPA的情况下,小脑组织TBARS上升,蒲肯野细胞MDA和3-NT染色阳性.体外实验检测到DPI和NO反应可以生成3-NT,这表明DPA会导致小鼠小脑功能异常,这与其在体内代谢过程中产生的砷相关活性物质在小脑蒲肯野细胞诱发氧化和氮化应激密切有关.