Reproductive toxicity of organic extracts from petrochemical plant e uents discharged to the Yangtze River, China

Water pollution of the Yangtze River in China became one of challenges that the government is facing today.Increasing numbers of petrochemical plants were built along the river in past decades,and numbers of organic chemicals were discharged into the river.Our goal was to establish in vitro system on rat sertoli cells,spermatogenic cells and leydig cells to investigate the reproductive toxicity potential induced by organic extracts from petrochemical effluents.Our results showed that the organic extract dep...     

响应曲面法优化苯酚降解菌Pseudomonas stutzri JFL2008固定化细胞活化培养基

以聚乙烯醇、海藻酸钠为复合载体,固定化Pseudomonas stutzri JFL2008,通过响应曲面法优化活化培养基,考察活化培养的固定化细胞降酚能力。结论：在连续完全降解1 000 mg/L苯酚过程中,活化培养比未经活化培养的固定化细胞多运行10个批次,表明响应曲面法适用于活化培养基的优化。     

北京某小学室内外VOC浓度及有毒害物种识别

采用美国EPA推荐的TO14/15方法定量分析了北京市某小学室内外夏季观测的空气样品,得到82种挥发性有机物（VOCs）的浓度水平及组成特征,对其中可能危害儿童健康的有毒有害物质进行了识别.结果表明,室内总VOCs浓度高于室外,烷烃是含量最丰富物种,平均占室内外空气中定量VOCs总浓度的32.8%.室内外VOCs组成相似,异戊烷、苯、甲苯、丙醛、丙烯和二氯甲烷为浓度优势物种,受到室外源的影响较大,室内的对二氯苯、环己烷及间二氯苯较为特征,前2种物质室内/室外浓度比例平均值分别为65.8和10.5,间二氯苯室内平均浓度为2.02×10^-9（体积分数）,而室外浓度低于检测限,这3种物质可能来自室内源. 1, 3-丁二烯、氯乙烯、苯和氯甲烷4种物质在学校室内、室外及儿童家中都超过1×10^-6的癌症风险值,平均风险值分别为1.3×10^-5、 6.4×10^-6、 5.1×10^-6和3.3×10^-6,小学室外、室内及儿童家中的累积癌症风险超过1×10^-6的癌症风险值24～39倍.丙烯醛未确认具有致癌性,但具有毒有害性,在室内外及儿童家中超过基准浓度13～72倍.     

化固定化Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1细胞降解MTBE及动力学特性分析

采用海藻酸钙包埋固定化高效降解菌Methylobium petroleiphilum PM1降解水相中的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),考察了不同强化方法对凝胶颗粒机械强度和降解活性的影响.响应面结果表明,交联剂和培养基中Ca2+浓度分别为0.2 mol·L-1和1.38mmol·L-1,化学交联剂聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)浓度为...     

固定在活性炭聚砜中空纤维膜中的Pseudomonas putida菌对四氯苯酚的共代谢降解

以苯酚-四氯苯酚共代谢体系为对象,研究了中空纤维聚砜膜作为细菌固定化材料对该共代谢过程的强化作用.结果表明,该膜具有内、中、外3层的结构,Pseudomonas putida菌可被固定在膜的表面和中间层;固定化后,细菌对高浓度有毒底物的忍受限度增强,从而得以持续生长,并在29 h内将600　mg/L和120　mg/L的苯酚和四氯苯酚完全降解.在膜的制作过程中添加了一定量的活性炭后,发现膜对苯酚和四氯苯酚的吸附能力增强,同时结构上更疏松,对四氯苯酚的降解效率得到了提高.固定在活性碳中空纤维膜中的Pseudomonas putida可以将1 000　mg/L和200　mg/L的苯酚和四氯苯酚在51 h内完全降解,比不加活性炭的情况缩短了37 h,中空纤维膜可以连续多次使用,对相同浓度的四氯苯酚的降解速度保持稳定.     

Indium tin oxide nanoparticles-mediated DNA fragmentation and cell death by apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells

Indium tin oxide (ITO) nanoparticles (NP) have extensive applications in industrial fields, and concerns regarding their potential toxicity in humans and environmental impact have increased. Since exposure to ITO NP is mainly via skin and inhalation, this study was conducted utilizing human lung epithelial (A549) cell line. Cells were exposed to different concentrations of the ITO NP for 24 and 48 hr. A severe cytotoxic response of ITO NP was observed as evident by the (3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake assays after 48 hr exposure. ITO NP significantly reduced glutathione levels with a concomitant increase in lipid hydroperoxide levels, superoxide activity, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after exposure. A significant induction in caspase activity and formation of condensed chromosomal bodies was also observed after ITO NP (10 or 25 µg/ml) exposure. Furthermore, a significant induction in DNA damage was observed by the Comet assay in cells exposed to ITO NP. Our data demonstrate that ITO NP display cytotoxic and genotoxic potential. However, increase in ROS levels and oxidative stress leading to oxidative DNA damage and condensed chromosomal bodies formation, suggests involvement of apotosis. Thus, ITO NP-mediated effects on cell viability indicate cytotoxicity, and therefore, exposures need to be carefully monitored in the industrial sector.     

Effect of mercuric chloride on terrestrial slug Semperula maculata and histopathology of reproductive organs: a comprehensive study

Since the last few decades, terrestrial diversity is found to be under stress due to the contamination by various chemicals and gases of aquatic and agricultural media. The bioaccumulation of these compounds at certain concentrations in different tissues produces histopathological changes leading to behavioral changes in target animals. This study focused on terrestrial molluscan slug, Semperula maculata, against lethal concentrations of mercury chloride (HgCl₂). Bioaccumulation of Hg was highest in ovotestis, while lowest in the molluscan penis. Histopathological changes were observed in the cellular arrangement of reproductive organs. Alterations in the penis and the dart gland included dilated unicellular, multicellular glands, and muscular dystrophy, dilated peripheral glandular cells, respectively; dilation being maximal in the prostate gland. Ovotestis showed depleted number of gametocytes. Vacoulized pre-vitellogenic oocytes with early vitellogenic oocytes were noted under light microscopy. Mercury produced toxicity on secretory functions and lowered the rate of reproduction in animals. Evidence indicates that Hg produced gamete degeneration, impacted reproductive capacity and survival of this species in the ecosystem.     

非毒性剂量重金属锑通过改变细胞脂代谢促进前列腺癌进展

本文旨在检测健康人群与前列腺癌患者血清中重金属锑的含量,并对重金属锑在前列腺癌发生发展中的作用和相关机制进行初步探索。本实验使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)对健康人群和前列腺癌患者血清中重金属锑的含量进行了检测;此外,分别通过MTT和Alamar-Blue方法对于重金属锑对人前列腺癌PC-3细胞的毒性效应进行了评价,并进一步探讨了非毒性剂量的重金属锑对前列腺癌细胞增殖能力(细胞计数及克隆形成实验)及脂类代谢过程(细胞内甘油三酯)的影响。研究结果显示:重金属锑在前列腺癌组患者血清中含量明显高于健康人群组且差异具有统计学意义;毒性实验结果表明高剂量的重金属锑能够显著抑制细胞活力且呈浓度依赖型方式,而非毒性剂量重金属锑能够显著促进前列腺癌细胞增殖,并导致细胞内甘油三酯的含量增加(P0.05)。综上所述,重金属锑在前列腺癌患者血清中具有相对较高水平,其机制可能是通过影响细胞脂类代谢从而促进前列腺癌的进展,这将对未来前列腺癌的预防和治疗提供一定的理论依据。     

阴极电极面积和膜面积对H型MFCs产电能力的影响

以生活污水为底物,碳棒作电极,构建H型瓶式微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cells,MFCs),研究了阴极电极面积和膜面积对电池产电能力的影响.阳极以厌氧污泥作接种体,两室分隔物使用阳离子交换膜(cation exchange membrane,CEM),阳极不使用中介体,阴极使用无催化剂的普通碳电极....     

福美双对斑马鱼早期胚胎原始生殖细胞和形态发育的影响

福美双是一种二硫代甲氨基甲酸盐类农药,在我国有非常广泛的应用,但其高残留性受到广泛的重视。试验使用斑马鱼胚胎作为动物模型,探讨了福美双对生殖的毒性作用。结果表明福美双虽然没有引起原始生殖细胞表达量的变化,但造成原始生殖细胞移动分布的延迟,以及诱导细胞凋亡。试验表明福美双对胚胎发育以及生殖有显著的影响,进一步说明斑马鱼胚胎可作为农药毒性评价的模型。