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排序方式: 共有127条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
31.
Human milk has been used in studies of long-term changes in the concentrations of organochlorine contaminants in mothers from the Stockholm region. The previously observed decline (1972 to 1985) in the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) seems to have ceased for certain compounds since the levels were about the same in samples collected in 1985 and 1989. Calculating with the proposed toxicity equivalency factors for the different congeners of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs it is seen that the congeners of PCBs contribute more to the possible toxicity than those of PCDDs and PCDFs. The mono-ortho substituted congener 2,3′,4,4′,5-pentachlorobiphenyl (IUPAC No. 118) contributes with the largest part. 相似文献
32.
The effects of interactions between coconut products and caffeine on the induction of drug-metabolizing enzyme in Wistar albino rats were studied. Twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups: (Group 1) control received via oral route a placebo (4 mL distilled water). Groups 2–4 were treated for a 14-day period, respectively, with 50 mg caffeine/kg body weight (BW), 50 mg caffeine/kg plus 50 mg coconut water/kg, or 50 mg caffeine/kg plus 50 mg coconut milk/kg in a 4 mL volume via gastric intubation. One day after the after the final exposure, the animals were euthanized by inhalation of an overdose of chloroform. The blood of each rat was collected by cardiac puncture, and the liver of each was harvested and processed to examine several biochemical parameters, including total protein and RNA levels, protein/RNA ratios, and the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases (ALT and AST, respectively). Results showed that while ingestion of coconut milk and coconut water increased the values of protein and protein/RNA ratios, there was a decrease in ALT and AST activities. These effects were opposite to those produced by caffeine alone and may prevent the adverse effects attributed to caffeine. 相似文献
33.
A highly sensitive competitive ELISA was standardized to determine aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and dairy samples randomly collected from Faisalabad city, using Riedel-de-Haen, Aflatoxin M1 ELISA Systems, (Art–No. 45169). Standards of 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 ng L?1 AFM1 in sample/standard buffer were used in optimizing anti-AFM1 antibodies and peroxidase–AFM1 conjugate. Linear standard curve showed increase in concentration (log C) accompanied by decrease in maximal absorbance (%B/B0) values (%B/B0 = 124.3 ? 45.0 log C) with highly significant negative correlation (?0.973). The middle of the test (50% B/B0) was at 30 ng L?1 with 6.7 ng L?1 the lowest detection limit (90% B/B0). Duplicate analysis of 41 samples showed AFM1 levels below EC permissible limits (50 ng L?1) with maximums of 40, 13, and 7.4 ng L?1 in milk, yogurt and butter, respectively. However, possibility of exceeding limits cannot be excluded, and demands regular monitoring. 相似文献
34.
为探索北京市产妇母乳中典型全氟化合物的污染水平及婴儿经母乳的外暴露水平及风险.于2011~2012年通过征集母乳捐献志愿者方式采集95份母乳样本,并填写调查表,记录母乳捐献者的人口学特征及居住环境等信息.采用固相萃取结合超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定母乳中全氟辛酸及全氟辛烷磺酸的含量,估算婴儿经母乳的每日摄入量并与参考剂量进行比较.结果显示北京市产妇母乳中全氟辛酸含量均值和中位数分别为42和37.4pg/m L,范围在13.4~181.3pg/m L之间.全氟辛烷磺酸含量高于全氟辛酸,均值、中位数和范围分别为66.6、54.5和14~390.3pg/m L,统计分析发现全氟辛酸与体重指数呈正相关但与母乳产出时间呈负相关,而全氟辛烷磺酸则与产妇年龄呈正相关.婴儿经母乳全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸每日摄入量中值分别为4.67和6.81ng/(kg bw·d),最高值分别为22.66和48.79ng/(kg bw·d),显示部分婴儿经母乳摄入的全氟辛烷磺酸水平超过了参考剂量,健康风险值得关注. 相似文献
35.
Distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in breast milk from North China: Implication of exposure pathways 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The breast milk concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; sum of eight congeners: BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) were determined (by high resolution gas chromatographic high resolution mass spectrometry) in samples from primiparous women collected in 2006 in Tianjin, China. Dietary and lifestyle habits of the participants were obtained by questionnaires. The median total PBDE concentration (including BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183) was 2500 pg g−1 lipid weight, ranging from 1700 to 4500 pg g−1 lipid weight. These levels were in the same range as those from Europe and Japan but much lower than those from North America. The congener profile in China was also different from other countries. The contribution of BDE-28 was around 15%, much higher than any other country, implying that a different Penta-BDE formulation might be used in the Chinese market. The lower ratio of the sum of BDE-47, 99, and 100 to the sum of BDE-153 and 154 suggested that Octa-products were in more demand in China. A significant correlation was found between a woman’s PBDE concentration and the time she used electronic appliances (h/d). This implies that electronics are a potential source of PBDEs to people. Inhalation or ingestion of particulate matter (such as dust) may also be an important exposure pathway. There was no significant correlation between the PBDE concentration and the consumption of meat, fish, and milk. Further research is needed to determine the specific contribution of each exposure route and their health effects. 相似文献
36.
Heidelore Fiedler Mohammad Sadia Thomas Krauss Abeer Baabish Leo W.Y. Yeung 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(10):132
37.
L. LaFleur T. Bousquet K. Ramage B. Brunck T. Davis W. Luksemburg B. Peterson 《Chemosphere》1990,20(10-12)
Analysis of 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF on the ppq-level in foods with high fat content is described. The migration over twelve days of 2378-TCDD, 2378-TCDF and 1278-TCDF from bleached paperboard cartons into whole milk was found to be exponential with time. A survey of selected fatty foods shows the presence of 2378-TCDD and 2378-TCDF in foodstuff. 相似文献
38.
In the 1950s, a production plant of hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) was established in Brazil with the main purpose of producing chemicals for vectors control. This factory was closed down in 1955 and around 300 tons of production residues were left behind in the open air. In 1995, the area was treated with lime to eliminate the HCH contamination. Soil sample gave a PCDD/F concentration of 13 900 ng I-TEQ/kg whereas samples from the neighborhood ranged from 0.19 to 2.08 ng I-TEQ/kg. PCDD/F levels in cow's milk samples varied from 4.1 to 6.5 pg I-TEQ/g of milk fat. High concentration in soil collected from the site suggests that treatment and recovery shall be made. Further dioxin monitoring is needed to better estimate the risk posed to local population through food consumption and soil usage. 相似文献
39.
Oehme M Biseth A Schlabach M Wiig Ø 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》1995,90(3):401-407
Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDD), dibenzofurans (PCDF) and non-ortho substituted biphenyls (PCB, CB) were determined in 6 polar bear milk samples from Svalbard (Norway). For these compounds, no data for polar bears have been reported before from this region. Most of the PCDD/PCDF congeners were found at detectable levels. Concentrations expressed as 2,3,7,8-TCDD equivalents (Nordic model) were in the order of 1–3 pg/g−1 fat (0.2–1.6 pg ml−1 milk) which is comparable with ringed and harp seal blubber from the same region. On whole milk basis, concentrations were similar to those found in human milk. An estimation of the daily uptake via milk showed that the intake is lower for polar bears compared to humans. As in human milk, relatively high levels of OCDD were found in some polar bear milk samples. The PCDD/PCDF congener pattern in the milk was different to that found in polar bear fat from the Canadian Arctic. Non-ortho substituted PCB levels in polar bear milk were similar to those found in polar bear fat from the Canadian North. However, CB 77 or 169 dominated in the milk while CB 126 was the most abundant congener in fat. PCDD/PCDF levels expressed as 2,3,7,8-TE were highly correlated with the fat content of the milk. No correlation between CB and PCDD/PCDF concentrations was found. Some data indicate that PCDD/PCDF concentrations in polar bear milk decrease with increasing time after delivery. 相似文献
40.
<Emphasis Type="Bold">Chronodisruption and cancer</Emphasis> 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Research into health effects of chronodisruption (CD), a relevant disturbance of the circadian organization of physiology, endocrinology, metabolism and behaviour, is evolving at a rapid pace. With regard to malignancies, our synthesis of key experiments indicates that CD can play a causal role for cancer growth and tumor progression in animals. Moreover, our meta-analyses of 30 epidemiological studies evince that flight personnel and shift workers exposed to chronodisruption may have increased breast and prostate cancer risks: summary relative risks (RRs) for investigations of flight personnel and of shift workers suggested a 70 and 40% increase in the risk of breast cancer, respectively, and excess relative risks of prostate cancer in nine studies in flight personnel (40%) and in two studies in male shift workers. There was a remarkable indication of homogeneity of results from the individual studies that contribute to the average statistics. However, in view of doubts about whether the differing assessments of CD can really be regarded as valid reflections of the same causative phenomenon and the lack of control of covariates in the majority of studies, it is premature to conclude that the risk observations reflect a real, rather than spurious, association with CD. The challenge for future epidemiological investigations of the biologically plausible links between chronodisruption and human cancers is to conduct studies which appreciate details of transmeridian travelling, of shift work and of covariates for the development of the diseases. 相似文献